American Exchange National Bank v. Seaverns

Mr. Presiding Justice Baker delivered the opinion of the court. It is admitted that the instrument sued on would riot be admissible under the common indebitatis counts for money lent, money paid, etc., but it is contended that it was 'admis-' sible under the first count of the declaration as a link'in the plaintiff’s chain of evidence to establish the fact, in that count averred, that the defendants were indebted to plaintiff on their guaranty to plaintiff of the indebtedness of Kershaw & Co., and that it was admissible under the second count to establish the fact, alleged in that count, that there was money due and owing from defendants to plaintiff on which plaintiff was entitled to recover interest. The promise contained in the written guaranty is a promise by the defendants to pay to the plaintiff the indebtedness which Kershaw & Co. should incur to the plaintiff if Kershaw & Co. were unable to pay the same, and not an original promise by defendants to pay to plaintiff such sums of money as the plaintiff should advance to Kershaw & Co. Such a promise must be declared on specially and the instrument was not admissible under the first original count. Robinson v. Holmes, 75 Ill. App., 203; S. C. 82 id., 317, and cases there cited. If the instrument was not admissible to prove the indebtedness of defendants to plaintiff on their guaranty, it was not admissible to prove that there was money due from defendants to plaintiff under their guaranty, on which the plaintiff was entitled to recover interest. Tucker v. Page, 69 Ill., 180; 1 Sedgwick on Damages, sec. 338; 1 Sutherland on Damages, sec. 677. The instrument was not, therefore, admissible under the second original count. The objection that the first additional count is defective because it does not state that when the suit was brought any part of the indebtedness of Kershaw & Co. to plaintiff was due, cannot be sustained. “A declaration or complaint which shows upon its face that the cause of action alleged therein has not yet accrued is demurrable on the ground that it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. But the fact of prematurity must appear affirmatively in order to be reached by demurrer, and unless it does so appear the court will presume, that the cause of action occurred before suit was commenced.” 16 Ency. of PI. & Pr., 881. It is also insisted that said count is defective because it does not aver that the plaintiff, within a reasonable time, accepted the proposed guaranty and gave notice to the defendants of the purpose of the plaintiff to make advances under it. The question of the necessity of such an averment turns upon the construction of the instrument therein set out. If that instrument is a mere offer or proposal to guaranty, then notice of its acceptance was necessary, and as no such notice is averred the count-must, in that case, be held defective. If it was an absolute guaranty, it became binding upon delivery to the plaintiff and no notice of its acceptance was necessary. In Frost v. Standard Metal Co., 215 Ill., 240, the guaranty was as follows: “Chicago, July 10, 1901. Standard Metal Co., Gentlemen:— I hereby guaranty the purchase account of George K. Harrington & Co. to the amount of one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500). E-. Chester Frost.” There was no proof that the guarantor was notified by the Metal Company that it had accepted the guaranty or had given credit to Harrington & Co. on the faith of it and it-was contended in that case, as in this, that such notice was essential to the creation of liability against the guarantor. In the opinion it was said that, “the guaranty is absolute and unqualified, and such guaranties become effective as soon as acted upon (14 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 2nd Ed., 1145). An acceptance is necessary to create liability if there is only a proposal to guarantee; but that rule has no application when the undertaking is primary and absolute.” The guaranty in that case, as in this, was a continuing guaranty of an indebtedness to be created in the future of an indefinite amount. The instrument in question contains the following clause: “This guarantee to continue in force from date hereof until concluded by either of the guarantors by written notice.” The plain import of this language is, that the instrument was in force from its date. If the guaranty sued on in Frost v. Standard Metal Co., supra, which contained no clause similar to that above set forth, became effective when acted upon without notice to the guarantor, then certainly this guaranty became effective without such notice. Upon the authority of that case we hold that the instrument set out in the second additional count, is an absolute guaranty and not a proposal to guarantee, that it became effective when delivered to and acted upon by the appellant bank and that no notice to the guarantor of the acceptance of the guaranty, or of advances by the bank to Kershaw & Co. on the faith of it was required to make the guarantor liable thereon for such advances. ■ . • It follows from what has been said that in our opinion the second additional count states a cause of action, and that the Circuit Court erred in sustaining a demurrer to that count. The judgment of the Circuit Court will be reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.