City of De Kalb v. Thomas

JUSTICE O’MALLEY delivered the opinion of the court: In each of the cases consolidated here on appeal, plaintiff, the City of De Kalb, appeals from the judgment of the trial court ordering De Kalb to pay the fees of defense counsel appointed by the court. We reverse. De Kalb is a home rule municipality pursuant to article VII, section 6(a), of the Illinois Constitution. Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 6(a). As such, it has the authority to regulate public safety. See Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 6(a). De Kalb has passed various ordinances regarding disorderly conduct, battery, criminal damage to property, and retail theft. See City of De Kalb Municipal Code pars. 52.02, 52.50, 52.60, 52.80. Each of these cases involves the prosecution of a violation of one of these ordinances. In each case, the trial court appointed private counsel, James Davidson, to represent the defendant. Following the disposition of the cases, Davidson filed petitions for fees, requesting the court to order De Kalb to pay attorney fees in each case. The trial court granted all of the petitions. De Kalb filed motions to reconsider the orders. According to a bystander’s report, on August 18, 2000, the trial court “indicated it would not consider, hear or rule on” the motions to reconsider, and it did not rule on the motions. This appeal followed. We note that no appellee’s brief was filed in any of the consolidated cases. However, as the record is simple and the claimed errors can be decided in the absence of an appellee’s brief, we will decide this appeal on the merits. See First Capitol Mortgage Corp. v. Talandis Construction Corp., 63 Ill. 2d 128, 133 (1976). We must first address the issue of jurisdiction. The trial court refused to “consider, hear or rule on” De Kalb’s motions to reconsider on August 18, 2000. De Kalb filed its notices of appeal on August 31. A notice of appeal filed before the entry of an order disposing of the last-pending posttrial motion has no effect and must be withdrawn by the party that filed it; a new notice of appeal must then be filed within 30 days after the entry of the order disposing of the last-pending posttrial motion. 155 Ill. 2d R. 303; R.W. Dunteman Co. v. C/G Enterprises, Inc., 181 Ill. 2d 153, 160-61 (1998). We conclude that the court’s refusal to “consider, hear or rule on” De Kalb’s motions effectively disposed of them. Aside from the practicality of our conclusion, we find support in the maxim that we should look to the substance of the court’s action rather than its form. See Madison Mutual Insurance Co. v. Universal Underwriters Group, 251 Ill. App. 3d 13, 14 (1993). We find additional support in Yazzin v. Meadox Surgimed, Inc., 224 Ill. App. 3d 288 (1991). Yazzin declined to base its conclusion that jurisdiction was lacking on the theory set forth in Richey Manufacturing Co. v. Mercantile National Bank of Chicago, 40 Ill. App. 3d 923 (1976), that failure to pursue a timely filed posttrial motion that was consequently stricken amounted to abandonment of the motion, in turn resulting in a lack of appellate jurisdiction based on the time that had elapsed since the final judgment. Rather, Yazzin noted that American National Bank & Trust Co. of Chicago v. Bus, 212 Ill. App. 3d 133 (1991), had in dicta stated that striking a posttrial motion more than 30 days after a final judgment would be tantamount to denial of the motion. Yazzin then stated, “Even assuming that the order striking plaintiff’s post-trial motion ‘disposed’ of it under Rule 303(a), plaintiffs notice of appeal filed more than 30 days later was not timely filed and, as a result, this court does not have jurisdiction.” Yazzin, 224 Ill. App. 3d at 291. We find the reasoning in Yazzin and American National Bank to be persuasive. Dicta may be persuasive. American Family Insurance Co. v. Woiwode, 276 Ill. App. 3d 176, 179 (1995). Moreover, we find the Yazzin and American National Bank reasoning even more apropos in this case. In Yazzin and Richey, the posttrial motions had been stricken based on the failure of the movant to appear at the scheduled hearings on the motions. No such lack of diligence is present in this case. On the contrary, we have a situation where the movant diligently pursued its motions and the trial court refused to entertain them. We hold that the trial court’s action was tantamount to striking the motions, which was in turn tantamount to denying them, thus disposing of them for Rule 303 purposes. A trial court has the inherent power to appoint counsel. See People ex rel. Conn v. Randolph, 35 Ill. 2d 24, 29 (1966). It is not error for a trial court on its own motion to appoint counsel for a defendant unless it is done over the defendant’s objection and some exception is taken at the time. People v. Johnson, 45 Ill. 2d 38, 41 (1970). At times, such an appointment is mandatory to protect the rights of the accused and preserve the interests of the public in criminal prosecutions. People v. Edmondson, 30 Ill. App. 3d 763, 768 (1975). However, this power is not unconstrained. Section 113 — 3(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 provides in part: “In all cases, except where the penalty is a fine only, if the court determines that the defendant is indigent and desires counsel, the Public Defender shall be appointed as counsel. If there is no Public Defender in the county or if the defendant requests counsel other than the Public Defender and the court finds that the rights of the defendant will be prejudiced by the appointment of the Public Defender, the court shall appoint as counsel a licensed attorney at law of this State ***.” (Emphasis added.) 725 ILCS 5/113 — 3(b) (West 2000). Assuming, arguendo, that the trial court properly determined that these defendants required legal representation, it should have appointed the De Kalb County public defender, not private counsel. There is nothing in the record that demonstrates that the rights of any defendant would have been prejudiced by such an appointment. The legislature has determined that the public defender, not private counsel, is the appointment of first resort. Therefore, the trial court had no authority to appoint private counsel in any of these cases, and such appointments were error, pursuant to section 113 — 3(b). We also find no basis for the order requiring De Kalb to pay the attorney fees. Attorney fees are not to be awarded in the absence of a statute or some agreement specially authorizing such an award. See City of Chicago v. Fair Employment Practices Comm’n, 65 Ill. 2d 108, 113 (1976). The prosecution of ordinance violations is hybrid in nature; the ordinances are considered quasi-criminal in nature but civil in form. City of Danville v. Clark, 63 Ill. 2d 408, 411 (1976). Ordinances that carry the possibility of incarceration shall be prosecuted under and conform to the rules of criminal procedure. 65 ILCS 5/1 — 2—1.1 (West 2000). We find no statute, either criminal or civil, that would allow the trial court to order De Kalb to pay attorney fees in this situation. The trial court did not cite any such statutory authority in ordering the payment of fees. In the criminal realm, a court may order “the county treasurer of the county of trial” to pay reasonable fees to appointed counsel. 725 ILCS 5/113 — 3(c) (West 2000); see also In re Adoption of K.L.P., 198 Ill. 2d 448 (2002) (wherein our supreme court concluded that the county treasurer was the proper source of payment for counsel appointed on appeal, even where the underlying termination of parental rights was brought as a private action, because the “significant state action” of filing a neglect petition had begun the process that led to the termination). A court may order a defendant to reimburse either the county or the state for the costs of appointed counsel (725 ILCS 5/113 — 3.1(a) (West 2000)). In the civil realm, there are multiple references in the state’s statutes that deal with the payment of attorney fees; none of them allows the court to order a home rule municipality to pay the fees of counsel appointed to represent defendants charged with violating municipal ordinances. In the absence of such an authorizing statute, we must reverse the orders of the trial court ordering such payment. For these reasons, the orders of the circuit court of De Kalb County are reversed. Reversed. KAPALA, J., concurs.