Nicholson v. Carr

Stevens, J. Debt upon an executor’s bond, on the relation of John 'Hawn and Sarah Hawn his wife, against the defendants [105] as administrators of James Downs, deceased. The material facts are these: — On the 12th of September, 1822, one James Downs, together with Joshua Redman and Isaac Stewart, bound themselves jointly and severally to, pay the plaintiffs, 1,000 dollars, conditioned that the said Joshua Redman should well, truly, &c. execute the will of Catharine Stacy, deceased, make complete inventories and settlements, pay all debts, legacies, &c. After stating the bond, the declaration avers that Hawn and wife, on the 23d day of October, 1826, by a decree of the Clark Circuit Court, recovered against Redman, as executor, &c. 150 dollars, &c., which decree is unpaid and in full force, Sec., and that execution issued there'on and was returned nulla bona, &c., and breach of payment. These are all the material averments made. To which the defendants pleaded three several pleas. 1st, general performance; 2dly, that Hawn and wife had no legacy by the will; and 3dly, plene adminislravit. On which, issues were joined, a trial by jury had, and a verdict for the plaintiffs. The defendants moved in arrest of judgment, but the motion was overruled and final judgment rendered on the verdict. It is contended that the motion in arrest of judgment should have prevailed. The declaration is clearly defective. The suit is against the administrators of a surety of an executor, and they are only liable for the official defalcations of their intestate’s principal. In this case, it is material that it should be averred on the record, that the relators were entitled either as heirs, legatees, or creditors, to the money they demand, out of the estate of Catharine Stacy, deceased, and that she died leaving a sufficient estate to pay the same, and that that estate came to the hands of the executor and is subject to the demand of the relators. None of these facts are averred either directly or indirectly; nor is there any direct positive averment of the death of Downs, or the grant of letters of administration to Ann Nicholson : it is possible, perhaps, to infer that such death and grant of letters took place, but the time when, and the place where, cannot even be inferred (1). The pleadings and verdict have cured the lack of the averments respecting the death o I Downs, and the granting of letters of administration to Ann Nicholson; but the case is not so clear as to the defects respecting the cause of action. After verdict, it will be presumed that all was [106] proven that was necessary, if it be stated in the declaration, or is implied from the facts that are stated. Stennel v. Hogg, 1 Saund. 228, near the end of note 1.—Craft v. Boite, 1 Saund. 247, 248, note 3. A verdict will cure ambiguity; but it will not aid a case where the gist of the action is omitted. Avery v. Hoole, Cowp. Rep. 825. Our statute of jeofails, however, is very broad in providing for the defects a verdict shall cure. After naming many such defects that shall 'be cured by verdict, it adds, “ or for omitting the averfnent of any matter, without the proving of which the jury ought not to have ■ given such verdict.” Under this provision, a verdict will cure the omission of the averment of any matter, which could be legally proved under the issues tried. The issues in this case, as they stand connected with the record, authorise the proof of the matter omitted in averment. The declaration would have been bad on demurrer; but after verdict for the plaintiffs, on the issues joined, we think, under our statute, the defects are cured. It further appears of record that the defendants objected to the introduction, as evidence, of the decree in chancery set out in the bill of exceptions, 1st, because these defendants were neither parties nor privies to that record; 2dly, because the decree does not appear upon its face to be rendered against Redman in his fiduciary character; and 3dly, because it does not appear tobe founded on the same subject-matter in controversy in this suit; but the objection was overruled and the decree went to the jury as evidence. The Court is of opinion that the objections taken to the decree’s being given in evidence, were well taken, and ought to have prevailed. We can know nothing about the decree, only from what appears of record, and by that must be governed. There is nothing on this record to show us on what that decree is founded, the bill and other proceedings in that suit not appearing. We cannot, therefore, even presume that it is applicable to the case under consideration in this record. Again, these defendants are the administrators of a surety of an executor, and as such are sued on their intestate’s bond; and in such case a judgment against the executor has been held not be evidence. 3 Harr. & M’Henry, 242, in the case of Beall v. Beck. The same principle is recognised in the case of Respublica v. Davis, 3 Yeates, 128, and in the case of Dawes, Judge, v. Shed et al. 15 Mass. Rep. 6 (2). I. Howk, for the plaintiffs. J. H. Thompson and I. Naylor, for the defendants. Per Curiam. The judgment is reversed, and the verdict set-aside,-with costs. Cause remanded, &c. Footnotes [(1)] ■ (1) A declaration against husband and wife, administratrix before or after marriage, begins as follows: — “John Doe complains of Richard Roe and Elizar beth his wife, which said' Elizabeth is ‘administratrix of all and singular the goods, chattels, and effects, which were of John Demi, deceased, at the time of his death, who died intestate, being in custody, &c. For that whereas,” dec. 2 Chitt. Pl. 114. For the -form of a declaration by husband and wife, administratrix before or after marriage, see 2 Chitt. Pl. 112. That the relator must have his. claim against the estate established by a suit, before he can sue the sureties on the bond,-is decided in the'case of Burnett v. Harwell, 3 Leigh, 89. See, also, Eaton v. Benefield, Vol. 2, of these Rep. 52.—Rev. Code, 1831, p. 169, sec.. 29. And that the declaration on the bond must aver assets or it is bad on demurrer, is decided in Burnett v. Harwell, supra. That was an action of debt by the Justices, &c. on the relation, '.&e. against an executor and his sureties on their bond. Breach, the non-payment of a legacy to the relator, for which legacy a decree had been obtained against the executor. General demurrer to the declaration, because there was no averment that assets to the value of the demand, or, indeed, that any assets had’ come to the hands of the executor. Tucker, President, — “The necessity of proof of assets is obvious from the consideration, that if ño assets were received, there could be no breach by devastavit; and the necessity of establishing, by- proof, the amount of assets, is also clear; because it has been repeatedly decided, that the jury must find either sufficient assets or the amount of assets. Sturdivant v. Raines, 1 Leigh, 481.—Gardner’s Adm’r. v. Vidal, 6 Rand. 106. This, then, is obviously one of the most essential ingredients in the action. It may safely be called, indeed, the very gist of the action. And if it be the important inquiry before the jury, .on the trial of the plea of plerie administravit, or conditions performed, it is not less importantin the case of a demurrer. For it must be remembered, that upon overruling the demurrer of the defendant to the plaintiff’s declaration, peremptory judgment is pronounced against him for the plaintiff’s demand. If, therefore, the declaration omit what is essential to constitute a right of action, it is impossible to give such judgment without palpable injustice. For, though the demurrer admits what is set forth in the declaration, it does not admit what is not; and hence.it is that, (sweeping as are the provisions of our statute of jeofails,') they reach no case of a demhrrer for matter of substance. Much, indeed, may be cured by a verdict; but no errors, except those of mere form, are protected from the effect of a demurrer.- A further consideration may illustrate the essential character of an averment of assets, in order to enable, the Court to pronounce judgment. Even a verdict for the plaintiff for his demand will not justify a judgment of the Court, unless that verdict expressly finds a sufficiency of assets, or the amount of the assets, so as to enable the Court to graduate thereby its own judgment. How, then, the Court can give judgment according to law and the very right of the ease, when, so far from knowing the amount or sufficiency of the assets, it does not even know from the plaintiff’s own declaration, that the defendant ever received any assets at all, — I cannot perceive.” [(2)] But see Goodwin v. Wilson, Vol. 1, of these Rep. 344.—The Governor v. Shelby, Vol. 2, of these Rep. 26.—Eaton v. Benefield, Id. 52. The Virginia decisions were, that the creditor must sue the executor and obtain a judgment against him, and that he must also by a second suit prove that the executor had committed a devastavit, before a suit could be brought on the executor’s bond. A statute in that state, of 1814, dispenses, with the intermediate suit to fix the devastavit. So that now there, after judgment against the executor, and a return of nulla bona, suit may be brought on the bond ; Allen v. Cunningham, 3 Leigh, 395; and the law is the same in Indiana; Rev. Code, 1831, p. 169; and in Massachusetts; Coney, Judge, &c. v. Williams, 9 Mass. 117; and in New-York; The People v. Dunlap, 13 Johns. 437.