Hanna v. Jeffersonville Railroad

Erazer, C. J. This was- a suit by the appellant against the appellee. The only- question is, whether the court below erred in sustaining a demurrer to the complaint. The suit was by an- administrator, to recover, under the statute (2 G-. & H. 330, sec. 784), for the injuries resulting to the intestate, in 1864, whereby his life was lost. He was a resident of Maryland, and a passenger on the defendant’s railroad, and injured by the. carelessness of its servants. He died in April, 1864; administration of his estate was granted in Maryland, in August, 1867; and the suit was hot commenced until' Eebruary, 1868. It will be seen that the statute already referred to, which gives the right of action, provides, that “ the action must be commenced within two years.” To this limitation upon the right to bring the suit there are no exceptions made by the statute, and' It is not competent for the courts to make any. The law must be administered as the legislature has enacted it. It is important, then; to-inquire'when the two - years - began to run. The language of*the statute does not furnish an express answer-to-this inquiry. But it does not appear possible to suppose that the legislature meant that it should be from the appointment of the administrator. The damages accrue to the widow and children or next of kin. They can procure administration as and when they wish. They [114] ■can move promptly, and in many cases they can delay at their pleasure. The statute was intended mainly to be oper■■ative against carriers of passengers, and in a very large measure against corporations whose business is exclusively performed by hired servants, who are being constantly changed, and within whose knowledge the facts of such ■cases would generally rest, or who must be depended on for such information'as would lead to a discovery of the facts and the witnesses to establish them. The reasons for ¡requiring the suit to be brought within some short period after the occurrence were, therefore, very forcible, and must have been perceived. "While a proper regard for the security of human life required that a right of action should be given, which did not exist by previous law, the considerations already noted required that the remedy should be promptly sought; else a door would be opened wide for injustice and wrong. If, by delay to procure the appointment of an administrator, the suit might be brought four years after the event which made the cause of action completely mature, it might, by the same method, be delayed ■for any length of time. We do not feel at liberty to adopt .such a construction of this statute. We think that it was 'intended that the suit should be brought within two years •from the death of the person—that the right of action is .given, .not,generally, as a right of action exists at common ■law, but .upon the express condition that the suit shall be '.instituted within the period named, and not afterwards; in "brief, that the .limitation is descriptive of the right created. It only remáins to ascertain whether the point can í>e ¡raised in this case by demurrer to the complaint. Ordinarily, statutes of limitations must be pleaded, though the facts appear by the averments of the complaint. The reason for this is, that .usually there are exceptions to statutes of limitations, and the plaintiff should, therefore, have the •opportunity of replying to the plea, so that he may show that the case is within any of the exceptions. To com¡pel him to make these .averments in the complaint, would [115] tend to inconvenient and needless prolixity. But in the ease before us there ai’e no exceptions, and, consequently, there is no reason why the defendant should plead the fact. There could be no reply avoiding Ihe plea. The complaint brings upon the record all the facts concerning the matter that could be of service to either party, and the answer would be but a repetition of them, accomplishing no useful end. ¥e think, therefore, that the question was properly raised by the demurrer, and that it was correctly sustained. L. Barbour and G. P. Jacobs, for appellant. T, A. Hendricks, O. B. Hord and A. W. Hendricks, for appellee. Affirmed, with costs.