Flora v. Sachs

Worden, J. The appellant, Flora, on the 8th of March, — 156 — 1879, filed the following petition to the judge of the court below, for a writ of habeas corpus, viz.: “Robert Flora respectfully represents and complains, that he is now, and has been foi; the last two days, restrained of his liberty by one William Sachs, who is the marshal of the city of Vincennes, iu said county; that said Flora, during the time aforesaid, has been by said Sachs confined and restrained of his liberty, in the city prison of said city, and situated on Fourth street in said city ; that the pretended cause and reason for such restraint of said Flora, by said Sachs, according to the best knowledge and belief of said Flora, is as follows: That, on the 20th day of June, 1877, the said city of Vincennes recovered a judgment against the said Flora, for the sum of ten dollars, and costs of suit taxed at twenty-seven dollars and ninety-five cents, which judgment was recovered for and on account of a violation of an ordinance of said city, by said Flora; that, after the recovery of said judgment, on the 20th day of June, 1877, the said Flora was committed to the city prison of said city, for failing to pay or replevy said judgment and costs; and said Flora, while so in said city pi’ison, was taken therefrom by the marshal of said city, and by his direction was put to work upon the streets of said city, under the direction and control of the street commissioner of said city, and that, while said Flora was so at work upon the streets of said city, he was allowed and permitted by said marshal and street commissioner, to escape and go at large; and the said Flora then left the city of Vincennes, and did not return thereto until about the month of August, 1877, since which date he has been in said city, a resident thereof, and has been almost daily upon the streets of said city, and in other public places therein, and has often met the marshal of said city, and the other officers thereof; and he has in no manner kept himself con.cealed from the said officers or any of them, but he could have been apprehended and taken into custody at any — 157 — time, if his apprehension had been desirable; but that no attempts were ever made to arrest or take said Elora into custody on account of his escape from the custody of said marshal or street commissioner, as aforesaid, or on account of his failure to pay the said judgment recovered against him by said city, until the 6th day of March, 1879, when the said William Sachs, as the marshal of said city, without any writ, warrant or process of any kind or character having been issued or delivered to.him, arrested and took the said Elora into his custody, for the reason, as stated and asserted by the said Sachs, that said Flora had not paid or replevied the said judgment recovered by said city against said Elora ; and that this is the sole and the. only cause or reason for the arrest or restraint, by said Sachs, of said Elora, as he is informed and verily believes.” The petition adds, that the petitioner believes his arrest and restraint are illegal, and prays for the writ of habeas corpus, and that the petitioner may be discharged from the imprisonment, etc. The writ was issued, and the defendant, Sachs, at the time appointed, appeared before the judge, produced the body of Flora, and moved that the writ be quashed, upon the ground that the matters alleged were not sufficient to authorize the issuing of the writ, which motion was sustained, and Flora was remanded to the custody of the marshal. Flora excepted, and appeals to this court. We have no brief for the appellee, and are not advised upon what ground the petition was supposed to be defective. It seems to.us to have been sufficient. On the facts stated, the marshal had no right or authority to re-arrest or detain Flora by reason of the judgment and commitment of June 20th, 1877. A person can only be committed for the space of thirty days for failing to pay or replevy such judgment. 1 R. S. 1876, p. 274, sec. 20. The thirty days, we think, must run from the date of the — 158 — judgment, after which time the party thus committed is entitled to his liberty ; and this, whether the judgment has been paid or replevied, or otherwise, or whether, in the mean time, the party committed has been continuously in custody, or has during that time made an escape. We decide nothing as to the question whether a marshal may, before the expiration of the thirty days, retake one who has made a voluntary escape, and detain him until the expiration of the thirty days. But where there is an escape during the thirty days, the marshal has no authority, after the expiration of that time, to recapture and imprison the party by virtue of the original judgment and commitment. There can be an imprisonment of only thirty days altogether. The time must be the thirty days next after the rendition of the judgment, and it can not be made up of disconnected periods, some before and some after the expiration of the thirty days. The following is enough of the section of the statute, above cited, to show the ground upon which the decision must rest: “ If the penalty or forfeiture in which judgment is obtained is not paid or replevied, the defendant may be committed, for any period not exceeding thirty days, to the workhouse of such city, or, if such city have no workhouse, then to the county prison of the county in which such city is situated; and, in the latter case, it shall be the duty of the person having charge of such prison, to receive such defendant and obey the judgment of the city judge or mayor’s court in reference to him or her; and, in default of payment or replevy of such judgment and costs, the defendant, unless a female, may be adjudged and required to pay the same by manual labor in said workhouse or in the street, or other public works of said city, under the control of the street commissioner or marshal of such city, for which labor such defendant shall be allowed, on — 159 — such judgment and costs, seventy-five cents per day It shall be the duty of such street commissioner or marshal, or such other officer as the common council may ' direct, to work such defendant not less than six nor more than ten hours per day, according to the season, and each evening to return him to the custody of the keeper of such prison or workhouse; and upon the full payment, as aforesaid, of judgment and costs, such defendant shall he fully discharged; * * * and such defendant may, at any time, replevy and pay such judgment and costs, and in case he has performed labor under such judgment, he shall be entitled to a credit for the same to the amount of labor performed, and the balance may he paid or replevied as aforesaid.” It is apparent from" an examination of the statute, that two modes of enforcing the payment of such judgments were contemplated by the Legislature. The first is designed to coerce payment in money, and not in labor. It is by imprisonment in the workhouse or county prison for a period not exceeding thirty days, the judgment not being paid or replevied. This imprisonment is designed to induce payment in money, by the defendant in such case, rather than submit to the imprisonment. The defendant, in such case, is not entitled to credit on the judgment on account of such imprisonment, so far as this sec- • tion of the statute is concerned, or, indeed, any other statute of which we have any knowledge. But the imprisonment can not be for a longer time than that specified, though the judgment aud costs may amount to much more than could he worked out in thirty days at the rate per day specified, and though the judgment and costs at the end of the thirty days should remain wholly unpaid or replevied. This power of imprisonment may be applied to females as well as to males. — 160 — The second mode is to require payment by the labor of the defendant in such case. . This mode .can only be applied to males. But before one can be required to pay such judgment in labor, there must be an adjudication by the mayor or city judge to that effect. See Tuley v. The City of Logansport, 53 Ind. 508. When there has been such an adjudication, the judgment, including costs, not being paid or replevied,-the defendant may be required to work it out at the rate per day provided for, though it may require a longer time than thirty days. It seems also to us that a defendant, in such an adjudication, might be required to work out the full amount, unless it were otherwise paid or replevied, although he might escape, and for a tinre fail to perform any work. The question in such case would not be so much one of time or length of imprisonment, as one of amount due upon a judgment to be paid in labor. This construction renders the statute harmonious and consistent with itself. Otherwise, the limitation of imprisonment to thirty days is inconsistent with the right to adjudge that the defendant, in such case, pay the judgment and costs in labor, at the rate der day specified, though a longer period rvould.be required for that purpose. An imprisonment is contemplated in securing the performance of the labor. But this is not the thirty days’, imprisonment provided for by the first part of the section. We do not understand.from the petition that there was any adjudication rendered, that the appellant pay the judgment and costs which the city obtained against him, by his labor, in accordance with the statute, and*are therefore of opinion, that he could not be detained longer than the thirty days, as before-stated. For the foregoing reasons, Ave are of opinion that the judge below erred in quashing the Avrit. The judgment below is l-eversed, with costs, and the — 161 — cause remanded for further proceedings, in accordance with this opinion.