Cheney v. State ex rel. Risk

Gillett, J. This was a proceeding by way of mandate. The question involved is whether it is the duty of the county auditor, under the act of March 9, 1903 (Acts 1903, p. 360), to publish in two newspapers the lists of allowances which §1852 Burns 1901, Acts 1899, p. 415, required to be published in one newspaper; or, in other words, the question is whether the act of 1903 relates to such notices or statements. Section 1852, supra, is as follows: “That the auditor of each county in the State shall be required to publish in a newspaper of a general circulation in his county, within ten days after the adjournment of any term of circuit, superior, criminal or commissioners’ court, all allowances made by the regular or special judges thereof, and by the board of county commissioners at each term of court at which any allowance is made. All allowances made by the judges of such courts and by the board of county commissioners, to whom made, and for what purpose. Provided, that the cost of printing thereof shall not exceed five cents for each allow [123] anee.” It is provided by section one of the act of 1903, supra: “That in all cases wherein the auditors and treasurers of the several counties of this State are required by law to publish notices affecting county affairs in a public newspaper, said auditors and treasurers are hereby required to publish said notices as by the several statutes required, and in two leading newspapers published in their respective counties, representing the two political parties casting the highest number of votes in such counties respectfully [respectively] at the last preceding general election, if there shall be such newspapers published in said county.” 1. The Standard Dictionary defines the word “notice” thus: “Intelligence, by whatever means communicated; knowledge given or received; information; intimation; warning.” Anderson’s Law Dictionary states that “notice,” “in its untechnical sense, is equivalent to information, intelligence, knowledge.” This court made use of like definitions in defining the word in White v. Fleming (1888), 114 Ind. 560, 573. Section 240 Burns 1901, §240 R. S. 1881, provides: “Words and phrases shall be taken in their plain, or ordinary and usual sense.” This court declared in Massey v. Dunlap (1896), 146 Ind. 350, 357: “One of the cardinal rules in the construction of statutes is, that where there is nothing in the act itself to indicate that a word, or phrase, is used in a particular, or technical, sense, it is to be taken or accepted in its ordinary and popular meaning.” See, also, Spaulding v. Harvey (1856), 7 Ind. 429; Rourke v. Rourke (1857), 8 Ind. 427. In this case the technical meaning of the word is such that the context of the statute forbids the view that it was used in that sense. 2. We have not searched for border-land definitions of the word, but have referred to its plain and ordinary meaning. Bearing in mind that the obvious purpose in the requirement of the act of 1899, supra, was to secure publicity concerning allowances, such a publication [124] must be regarded as a notice. Indeed, the word as used in the act seems to be expanded, if that be possible, by the context, since the subject-matter of the enactment is notices required by law “affecting county affairs.” How it can be said that the publication of lists of allowances payable out of the county treasury, where such publications are made pursuant to law for the purpose indicated, are not “notices affecting county affairs,” we are unable to perceive. 3. Appellant’s counsel argues that it appears that the legislature did not refer in the act of 1903, supra, to the publication of the list of allowances required to be made by the act of March 4, 1899, supra, because that act uses the word'“statement,” and he also calls attention to the fact that section fifty-one of the county reform act (Acts 1899, p. 343, §5594e2 Burns 1901), which was approved March 3, 1899, makes provision concerning cases where a “notice, report or statement” is required by law to be published. The act of 1899 concerning the publication of allowances related to a single subject-matter, namely, allowances, and it was only apt to refer in said act to the auditor’s publication as a “statement,” while in the act of 1903 the subject-matter was much broader, and the more general words, “notices affecting county affairs,” were used. The use of the words “notice, report or statement” in the county reform act affords no sufficient basis for the conclusion that the legislature used the word “notices” in other than the ordinary sense in the act of 1903. The county reform act was one which was prepared, at least, for the most part, with great circumspection, and the language of section fifty-one thereof was evidently drafted with a studied purpose to cut off publications in more than one newspaper, hence the degree of specificness in said section. It is not significant that the lawmakers adopted a more general form of expression in the act of 1903. Having used words of no uncertain meaning, the act is not to be cut down by the considera [125] tion. that a previous act contained more explicit language. “The framers of laws do not weigh only the force of single words, as philologists and critics, but of whole clauses and designated objects, as statesmen and practical reasoners. In common language the same word has often various meanings.” Potter’s Dwarris, Statutes, 196. As stated by Yattel: “Words and expressions have a different force, sometimes even a quite different signification, according to the occasion, their connection, and their relation to- other words.” Vattel, Law of Nations, *254. 4. It is further argued by appellant’s counsel that the act of 1903, supra, could not have referred to the lists of allowances which the auditor is required to publish, because the cost thereof was limited by the act of 1899 (Acts 1899, p. 415, §7852 Burns 1901) to five cents for each allowance. That being the maximum fixed for publication in one newspaper, it simply results that upon the enactment of a law providing for a publication in two newspapers it is lawful -to pay five cents for each allowance for each publication required. 5. We have attempted to show that the reasons assigned on appellant’s hehalf for a narrowing of the act of 1903, supra, are not of any real weight, hut as the act under review is plain, we do not think that it is really a case for construction. Where the language of a statute is clear and unambiguous, it must be held to mean what it plainly expresses. 2 Lewis’s Sutherland, Stat. Constr., §367; Endlich, Interp. of Stat., §4. 6. The whole effort of appellant’s counsel has been expended in the endeavor to create an uncertainty in the act of 1903, not from the words of the act, but from a consideration of prior enactments. To adopt this reasoning would be a violation of the rule above stated. As laid down by the Supreme Court of the United States, in Hamilton v. Rathbone (1899), 175 U. S. 414, 421, 20 Sup. Ct. 155, 44 L. Ed. 219: “The whole doctrine applicable to [126] the subject may be summed up in the single observation that prior acts may be resorted to, to solve, but not to create, an ambiguity.” 7. Complaint is made of the overruling of a motion filed by appellant to strike out parts of the alternative writ of mandate. Such a ruling does not constitute prejudicial error. 8. The peremptory writ was properly issued, and the judgment is affirmed.