Cheshier v. State

OPINION FRIEDLANDER, Judge. Following a jury trial, Lisa K. Cheshier was convicted of Aggravated Battery,1 a class B felony. The trial court sentenced Cheshier to fifteen years’ imprisonment. She presents the following restated issues on appeal: 1. Did the trial court commit fundamental error in instructing the jury on Cheshier’s defense of voluntary intoxication? 2. Did the trial court impose a manifestly unreasonable sentence? We affirm. The facts most favorable to the judgment are as follows. Cheshier’s conviction arose out of events that occurred on June 22,1996, after Cheshier and Lorraine Young were involved in a verbal altercation over Cheshier’s husband, Ernest, who is also the father of Young’s three adult children. That evening, Cheshier approached Young while the two were at a bar, poked her, and said “Ernie is married to me, Ernie loves me, Ernie coming [sic] back to me.” Record at 207. Both women were asked to leave, and Cheshier left the bar first. Young left the bar a short time later, walked past a parking lot, and was standing by an alley when she saw a Cadillac drive past. The driver of the Cadillac, who turned out to be Cheshier, then turned around, parked, and shut the lights off. After a few minutes, Young started to walk toward the sidewalk, and the car started to move towards Young, who unsuccessfully tried to jump out of the way. The car hit Young and knocked her to the ground. Young was pinned under the car when it ran over her legs. Cheshier then shut the car off, got out, went over to where Young was pinned under the car, and said, “[B]itch, I’m going to kill you.” Record at 210. Cheshier then used her fists to beat Young in the head. A passenger in the Cadillac grabbed [1228] Cheshier and restrained her. Some passersby then lifted the car off Young and detained Cheshier until police arrived. Young was taken to the hospital, where she was rushed into surgery. Young suffered a broken pelvis and leg, and, due to her injuries, was bedridden for more than one month. 1. Cheshier did not object at trial to the court’s instructions on voluntary intoxication and affirmatively stated that she had no objection to the following instruction: The issue of the defendant’s intoxication has been raised in this case. The defense of intoxication is offered to negate the capacity to formulate intent, in that the defendant must lack substantial capacity to either appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law. It is not sufficient that the defendant merely ingested alcohol or controlled substances. Mere intoxication is not sufficient unless there is some mental incapacity resulting therefrom as will render a person incapable of thinking deliberately and mediating [sic] rationally. A defendant should not be relieved of responsibility if he could devise a plan, operate equipment, instruct behavior of others or carry out acts requiring physical skill. Record at 118 (emphasis supplied). Cheshier now claims that the trial court erred in so instructing the jury. She specifically takes issue with the final sentence of the above instruction. Cheshier has waived review of this issue by affirmatively stating that she had no objection to the instruction on voluntary intoxication and by failing to object at trial. No error with regard to the giving of an instruction shall be available on appeal except where there is a specific objection thereto before the jury retires for deliberations. Ind.Crim.Rule 8(B); Ind.Trial Rule 51(C). Cheshier seeks to avoid waiver of this issue by claiming that the instruction constituted fundamental error. “Fundamental error” is an error so blatant as to render the trial unfair to the defendant and, thereby, deprive the defendant of fundamental due process. Townsend v. State, 632 N.E.2d 727, 730 (Ind.1994). To justify reversal in a case where an erroneous jury instruction was given, the error must be of such a nature that the whole charge of which it forms a part misleads the jury as to the law of the ease. Hill v. State, 615 N.E.2d 97, 99 (Ind.1993); Holliday v. State, 601 N.E.2d 385, 389 (Ind.Ct.App.1992), trans. denied. White v. State, 675 N.E.2d 345, 347 (Ind.Ct.App.1996), trans. denied. There was no fundamental error in so instructing the jury. Our supreme court has repeatedly used the exact language Cheshier challenges. See Legue v. State, 688 N.E.2d 408 (Ind.1997); Miller v. State, 541 N.E.2d 260 (Ind.1989); Terry v. State, 465 N.E.2d 1085 (Ind.1984).2 In addition, the instructions given, when read as a whole, did not mislead the jury as to the law of the case. The court properly informed the jurors that it was their duty to determine the facts in this case, that they were the exclusive and sole judges of the facts, and that they may also determine the law, as enacted by the legislature and as interpreted by the courts, for themselves. The jurors were also instructed that the State had the burden of proving that Cheshier “knowingly” inflicted injury on Young, Record at 97, 114, that “[a] person engages in conduct ‘knowingly1 if, when he engages in the conduct, he is aware of a high probability that he is doing so”, Record at 98, and that they should not convict Cheshier unless they determine that Cheshier was capable of having the requisite intent to commit the charged offense. We find no fundamental error in the court’s instructions to the jury on voluntary intoxication. [1229] 2. Cheshier’s fifteen-year sentence for aggravated battery, a class B felony, is not manifestly unreasonable. A person convicted of a class B felony may be sentenced to a presumptive term of ten years’ imprisonment, and such sentence may be enhanced by up to ten years for aggravating circumstances. Ind.Code Ann. § 35-50-2-5 (West 1986). The aggravating factors the trial court used in this case to enhance the presumptive term by five years included: (1) Cheshier’s history of criminal offenses, in terms of the number of prior offenses, the pattern of violence, and the increasing severity of violent offenses; (2) the nature of the offense, including that Young could have been killed as a result of Cheshier’s attack on her while using a deadly weapon and that Cheshier could not control her anger and punched Young in the face even after Young was pinned under the car; and (3) that Cheshier was in need of rehabilitation best provided by a penal facility because prior placements in a less restrictive environment were unsuccessful in curbing Cheshier’s violent behavior. Cheshier contends that her sentence should be reduced on the basis of her claim that the following statement indicates that the court improperly considered as an aggravating factor a factual element of the offense of aggravated battery: I find the nature of the crime in this case to constitute an aggravating circumstance. Miss Young could easily have been killed there that day instead of sitting here with a leg that’s severely mangled and is going to cause her problems for the rest of her life. She could be dead because you attacked her with a deadly weapon. And I find that to be an aggravating circumstance as well. A car. Record at 453. A fact that comprises a material element of a crime may not constitute an aggravating circumstance supporting an enhanced sentence. Manns v. State, 637 N.E.2d 842 (Ind.Ct.App.1994). Nonetheless, even if the trial court considered impermissible factors to enhance a sentence, we should affirm if other aggravating circumstances are adequate to support the sentence imposed. Lee v. State, 689 N.E.2d 435 (Ind.1997); Penick v. State, 659 N.E.2d 484 (Ind.1995). The court need list only one aggravating factor in order to support an enhanced sentence, and an enhanced sentence can be imposed where the only aggravating circumstance is a prior criminal history. Manns, 637 N.E.2d 842. The trial court noted that Cheshier had been arrested seven times and had a history of increasingly violent behavior. This alone was enough to support the enhanced sentence. Judgment affirmed. KIRSCH, J., concurs. SULLIVAN, J., concurs in result with separate opinion. Footnotes [1] Ind.Code Ann. § 35-42-2-1.5 (West Supp. 1997). [2] Although ultimately concluding that the error was harmless, this court in Curran v. State (1996) Ind.Ct.App., 675 N.E.2d 341, determined that an instruction identical to the one given in this case invaded the province of the jury and violated Art. I, § 19 of the Indiana Constitution because it improperly required a certain degree of intoxication be proven before the jury could accept the voluntary intoxication defense. To the extent that Curran conflicts with supreme court precedent, we disapprove of it.