Corielle v. Allen

Lowe, J. On the 7th day of December, 1855, the defendants executed to the order of the plaintiff a promissory note of $1,000. Judgment by default was rendered against the defendant, Allen. Clark’s defense was that he was only surety in the note, of which fact the plaintiff was cognizant; that at the maturity of the note the defendant, Allen, for a valid consideration, without the knowledge or consent of Clark, made an agreement with the plaintiff to extend the time of- the payment of said note six months, which he claims had the effect to relieve him from all liability on said .note, as surety. . That an enlargement of the credit beyond the time specified in the note, under a contract founded upon a good [291] consideration between tbe creditor and tbe principal, without the consent of the surety, has the effect to discharge such surety, is too firmly settled to require further discussion. And it is equally well settled that the surety may set up such defense at law, and show by extrinsic evidence, if it does not otherwise appear on the face of the note, that he was, in fact, merely surety. In support of these several affirmations we refer to 2d. vol. American Leading Cases, by Hare & Wallace, p. 271, in the case of The United States v. Samuel and John L. Howell, together with the notes and authorities there cited. Also 9 Metcalf, 511; 3 Binney, 520; 6 Ohio, 17; 12 Iowa, 57, Kelley v. Gillaspie. This last cited case is reaffirmed, and hence if the fifty dollar note was usurious, as alleged, which had been given by Allen to plaintiff, as the consideration for extending the day of payment, it will not, on that account, avoid the effect of discharging Clark from his suretyship, for the reasons therein assigned. The question whether Clark was, in fact, only surety on the note, and that the fact was known to the plaintiff before such extension of payment had been given, is, to our minds, quite satisfactorily shown to us, by all the circumstances attending tbe transaction, supported by the direct testimony of Allen, the principal in the note, who testified positively to .the existence of both these facts. It is true the competency of Allen’s testimony is objected to, because it had been taken in the form of a deposition previous to the time when a judgment by default had been entered against him. Whether this circumstance can have the effect to render his evidence inadmissible, it is unnecessary for us now to determine, for in any event this cause will have to be reversed and remanded on other grounds, and under our new and reformed system of practice we apprehend no question will or can be made against its introduction at a second trial of [292] the cause. Nor is there any necessary conflict between his' testimony and that of a Mr. Finley, who testified in behalf of plaintiff concerning the same transaction, but mostly to different and distinct facts. On the trial of this cause there was a verdict for plaintiff against Clark, on which, after overruling a motion for a new trial, a judgment was entered. The motion for a new trial was founded, among other things, upon the giving and the refusal to give certain instructions to the jury, some of which were in conflict with the law, as laid down in the case of Kelley v. Gillaspie, 12 Iowa, 57; and the motion, therefore, should have been sustained. We allude, more particularly, to the second instruction asked by defendant, which was refused, and the ninth instruction asked by plaintiff, which was given, and a similar charge given by the court, on its own motion. The judgment below will, therefore, be reversed, and the cause remanded. Reversed.