Vannice v. Greene, Traer & Co.

Wright, Ch. J. The conclusion arrived at.in the preceding case would seem to render the present one of but little importance to tbe parties. As it may become material, however, to know whether defendants have such- an interest in the property as entitles them to redeem from plaintiffs' mortgage, or to any possible surplus from the salé'of the land, after satisfying the prior incumbrance, we shall very briefly dispose of the questions made. From-the-report of-the referee, it appears that the statement in writing, filed with the clerk, giving the authority to render:the judgment, has been lost, and'its exact contents cannot, therefore, be known. He finds, however, that- it did not state "concisely the facts out of which-the indebtedness arose, nor state it otherwise than by setting out the promissory note, evidencing said indebtedness. The statement was duly signed and sworn to by the defendants, and 'the entry of'the judgment by the clerk, recites, that said statement “ set forth concisely the grounds of the indebtedness.” ' The confession was based upon a bona fide indebtedness, from Bergen and Chinn to the present defendants, and plaintiff, as is found by the referee, and not controverted by counsél, had ■ actual notice of said judgment at the time of purchasing the lands. At the next' term of court after the statement'was filed, the entry of judgment was read, approved and signed by the judge, as required by law. B.ev.,§ 2665. The judgment was rendered February 19,1859. It was read and approved March 11,1859. Bergen sold tó Yannice March 6,1860. Defendants levied upon the land April 7, and sold it under their execution, June 16,1860. This action was commenced December 17, 1860. Hponthe above facts, our conclusions are: First. That the judgment is good as between the parties to it. Second. That plaintiff, having purchased, with full actual knowledge of said judgment, after it had been read, approved and signed [576] by tbe judge, witb tbe knowledge tbat tbe judgment entry recited tbe matter claimed to be essential in the statement, and at tbe time knowing nothing of tbe actual contents of said statement, stands in no better position, and bis bill was properly dismissed. These views we do not believe to be in conflict witb any of tbe prior decisions of this court, and certainly accords witb tbe letter and spirit of tbe later ones. A brief reference to some qr all of them, may serve to show tbe correctness of this proposition. Edgar v. Greer, 7 Iowa, 136, was an appeal, and, of course, tbe question as to tbe Iona fide character of tbe indebtedness, was not presented and did not arise. In Churchill et al. v. Lyon, 13 Id., 431, however, tbe statement was equally defective; but, on tbe bearing of tbe motion to set aside tbe judgment in tbe court below, it was shown tbat the note was given in good faith in due course of trade, for goods sold; and we held tbe judgment should be upheld. Kennedy v. Lowe, 9 Id., 580, followed Edgar v. Greer, suggesting, also, tbat tbe cases in New York, under their statute, treated a judgment by confession, based upon an insufficient statement, void as to creditors. Edgar v. Greer was again before us in 1860 (10 Iowa, 279), and tbe former ruling is recognized, it being held in substance, that tbe cause upon tbe confession of judgment was finally and fully disposed of by tbe ruling in 9 Iowa, 136, and tbat such confessed and reversed judgment was no bar to a subsequent action by plaintiff upon tbe note. In none of these cases were tbe judgments rendered in vacation, approved and signed by tbe judge at tbe next term. Tbe subsequent case of Bernard v. Douglass & Watson, 10 Iowa, 370, was where a junior judgment creditor moved to set aside tbe senior judgment by confession in vacation, tbe senior one having been confirmed by tbe court at the succeeding term. Tbe opinion in that case speaks of [577] such judgments as being without authority, illegal and void, and is in its facts more analogous to the present than any one preceding. At present, however, we only suggest that Bernard & Co. were creditors, while Yannice is a purchaser; that Yannice had actual notice of .the judgment, while this fact does not figure as against the creditors in the other case; that the good faith and honesty of the transaction between the present defendants and Bergen and Chinn affirmatively appears, while no such showing appears to have been made by Douglass & Watson in resisting the motion of Bernard. Thus far, therefore, it will be seen that we have but one case to which a creditor was a party, and that in all the other but one (13 Iowa, 431), we knew nothing of the consideration forming the basis of the several judgments, having before us the single fact, that the written statement did not contain the matter directed by the statute. Most of these cases, however, were followed by Vanfleet v. Phillips,, 11 Iowa, 558; Marvin v. Tarbell, 12 Id., 93; Edward et al. v. Pitzer, Id., 607. In two of these, the rights of creditors were involved, and in the first and last, the rights of the judgment debtor also. These cases are, by no means, in conflict with the others cited, for in their facts they differed ; but some views of the purpose and policy of the statute are there expressed, which are perhaps not entirely consistent with a part, of the reasoning, and some dicta found in the earlier cases; and these views, we are satisfied, are correct. The leading object of the statute, in requiring this concise statement, was to prevent fraud against creditors, that such statement should be made and sworn to, in order to advise other creditors of the nature and character of the indebtedness, and thus decrease the chances for fraud, combination and collusion. No case in this State has yet held that, if the honesty and integrity of the transaction is affirmatively shown and established, such a judg [578] ment would be invalid as to creditors or parties, though based upon a defective statement; and in view of the tendency of- the later decisions to sustain rather than defeat such judgments, and our views of the policy of the statute, we are certainly not prepared to go still one step further, and hold them void, as against a purchaser buying with actual knowledge of their existence. Affirmed.