Ham v. Wisconsin, Iowa & Nebraska R'y Co.

Beck, J. — I. We will consider the objections to the judgment presented in argument by defendant in the order of their discussion by counsel. l. evidence: admission" jection. [718] 2. practice in eonrtnssue not made ■below. [717] Defendant insists that there was no proper evidence of plaintiffs ownership of the land, and at the conclusion of the evidence asked the court to so instruct the jury, There was evidence introduced at the trial tend-mg to show plamtin s possession and ownership, which was not objected to at the time. If this evidence be [718] regarded as secondary in character, having been admitted without objection, it is not now a proper subject of complaint. And as the plaintiff was made a . . , . „ , . party to the action on the ground ot his ownership of the land, and no issue was raised at the'trial involving 'the title thereto, it is too late'to raise such an issue in this court. 3.railroads: <íamage™fy: whole'farm considered. ■ II. The railroad was constructed through plaintiff’s farm along a road which followed a government subdivision, plain t-house and other buildings being on the south side of the road, and much, if not the greater part, of the farm lying upon the north side. ' In del terming the damage sustained -by reason of the construction of the railroad, the injury to the whole farm was considered,' Defendant claims that the injury.should have been confined to the government subdivision upon which the road is located. • • ■ The separate tracts of land as fixed by the government survey were used together as one farm, ' not separately and as 'distinct farms. The improvements and some cultivated land are on the south side of the road, the greater quantity of plow 'and pasture land is on the north, thus constituting the whole one farm, made up of all the separate government subdivisions. In determining plaintiff’s damage, the court properly held that the injury to the whole farm should be considered. Hartshorn v. B., C. R. & N. R'y Co., 52 Iowa, 613; Renwick, Shaw & Crossett v. The D. & N. W. R. Co., 49 Id., 664. 4. PRACTICE court-rem6 straot^effeot o£III. It is claimed in argument by defendant that no notice was' given defendant of plaintiff’s claim for damages resulting to the land, other than to the subdivision ° ’ uPon which the railroad is located. An amended abstract, which is not denied by defendant, disputes this allegation of fact. As it is not denied, it must be regarded as true. IY. The language of an instruction given to the jury in [719] regard to allowing damages, so far as the injury affected the whole farm, is made the subject of criticism. . The land upon which the railroad is located is described in the instruction as the tract “immediately” affected; the other land is described as being “immediately north” of this tract. The defendant’s counsel insist that the word “immediately” is used as descriptive of the injury. This is a mistake; it is used to indicate the location of the respective tracts. The instruction does not convey the idea that the land north of the railroad is not “immediately affected” by the injury. 5. EVIDENCE : - error eurea bymstruetion. Y. Witnesses were permitted to testify to certain matters regarded as elements of injury to the land, as the breaking-of a levee on an adjoining farm, inconvenience re-J ° suiting from crossing the railroad, and other mat-0 0 7 ters. This evidence is.now made the ground of complaint. But the court directed the jury that they could ,not base tlieir finding of damages on these matters. This -cured the error, if there was any, in admitting this evidence. 6. railways: eiementso!?: damage. YI. The defendant recpiested the court to give the folr lowing instruction to the jury: “The'use to which the laud taken is put, as for the running of railway trains, r regarded in determining the. compensation. gut the depreciation arising from annoyances which do not differ in kind from those suffered by the community in general, is not to be taken into account. Obstructing the view, or interfering with the owner’s privacy, or the noises of operating trains, are not to be considered.” The last sentence of -the instruction was taken out .by the separation of the paper, and the instruction as thus changed was given. The instruction as modified is correct, and the part eliminated is erroneous. If the land is of less value on account of the matters referred to in the part taken out than it was before the road was built, they constitute a proper element of damages; the value of the land before and after the construction of the road being the true criterion of damages. The sentence eliminated is inconsistent with the other part [720] of tlie instruction, as the matters contemplated in the rejected part are not of a nature to affect the public generally. 7. practice: askeaf'manlying. VII. Counsel for defendant insist that the change of the instruction in the manner above indicated violates Code, § 2785, which provides that such changes shall not be by erasures or interlineation, “ but shall be well defined, and shall follow some such characterizing words as ‘changed thus,’ which words shall themselves indicate that the same was refused as demanded.” The object and spirit of this provision is to so direct that the changes in the instruction, and the parts given and refused, shall be unmistakably indicated, to the end that the action of the court may be clearly shown, in order that it may be reviewed. We cannot suppose that the legislature attaches any importance to the form or manner of changes, further than that they should be so made as to effectuate this object. The court below, in changing the instruction, well defined the part of the instruction given and the part refused. This is sufficient. 8. evidence: cíídiugémed. VIII. A witness for defendant was asked certain questions tending to elicit evidence of the fact that the railroad was not completed. Upon objection, he was not permitted to answer the questions. This ruling is complained of by counsel. But the witness, before he closed his examination in chief, did testify to the fact that the railroad was not finished. If any error was committed in the ruling, it was cured by afterwards admitting the testimony. 9__. ad_ OTror°without prejudice. IX. A question was put to certain witnesses in order to elicit their opinion of tlie difference in the value of the farm before and after the construction of the railroad, which the “damage from fire” was named as an e]ement 0f p[ie depreciation of value. The witnesses, replying to the question, named a sum, but they also stated the elements of depreciation upon which they based their answers, and in them the “damage from fire” was not included. If there was error in permitting the question to [721] be asked in the form including the words “damage from fire,” it was without prejudice, for the reason that the witnesses made no response to the question so far as it related to fire. Other elements of depreciation of value complained of by counsel, which were referred to by the witnesses, were, by an instruction to the jury, expressly excluded from their consideration. No prejudicial error, resulted therefrom. The foregoing (iiscussion covers all questions pressed in argument by counsel for defendants. The judgment of the circuit court is Affirmed.