Hempstead v. City of Des Moines

Rothrock, Ch. J. I. — 38 — 1. CITIES and towns: change of grade of street: action by property owner. — 37 — The appellant claims that all the plaintiff’s damages were, or at least should have been, com — 38 — Pensated in the former action, and that the judgment in that action is a bar to any further recovery. The position of the appellant is, that the plaintiff’s cause of action arose upon the passage of the ordinance changing the grade of the street, and that an action could then have been brought to recover all the damages which would follow from bringing the street to the established grade. This position of appellant is not tenable. Section 469 of the Code in substance provides that, when any city or town shall have established the grade of any street or alley, and any person shall have made improvements on such street or alley according to the established grade, and such city or town shall alter the established grade in such a manner as to injure or diminish the value of said property, said city or town shall pay to the owner of said property the amount of such, damage or injury, which shall be assessed by three appraisers, and no such alteration of grade shall be made until the damages assessed are paid or tendered. It is evident that the words, “shall alter said established grade,” occurring in the former part of this section, refer to the passage of the ordinance changing the grade, and the words, “no such alteration of grade shall be made” occurring subsequently in the section, refer to the physical act of bringing the street to the established grade. The passage of an ordinance»altering the established grade is a preliminary' step, which must precede every other act. It precedes the assessment of damages by the appraisers, for, until the changed grade is established by ordinance, the- appraisers would have no data from which to assess damages. That the mere passage of an ordinance changing the grade gives no right of action, is apparent from the fact that the statute provides for appraisers to assess the damages, and further provides that “no sueh alteration of grade shall be madef that is, no physical change in the grade shall be made, until the damages assessed are paid. If, then, the statute is complied with, no right of action will ever arise, for the damages will be paid before any injury is inflicted. — 39 — .The statute further provides that “the city council, or town trustees, shall have power in their discretion to confirm or ■annul the appraisement, and, if annulled, all the proceedings shall become void.” It is clear that this gives the city an •option to pay the appraisement, or.to annul it and abandon the change. But the city would be deprived of this option, if, upon the passage of an ordinance, an action could be brought to recover damages which would arise from giving the changes ■effect. It is clear to ns that the grmamen of the original action was not the passage of the ordinance, but the damages which had arisen from the physicial changes which were made in the street at the time of the commencement of the action, and such damages as necessarily arose therefrom, or were inseparably connected with the lowering of the street from curb to curb. 2._:_; action indivisible: former judication. II. The defendant claims that the action of Charles H. Hempstead was indivisible; that he was entitled to recover the entire damages to the property by reason of the alteration of the entire surface of the street, and that, therefore, the former action is a complete bar to any further recovery. It will be observed that, at the time the former action was commenced, the street had been cut down to the newly established grade from curb to curb. The excavation at the corner of plaintiff’s lots, at the intersection of Walnut and Tenth streets, was about six feet. This change in the surface of Walnut street made a corresponding change necessary in Tenth street, at the point of intersection. It also required the plaintiff’s sidewalk to be lowered to correspond with the change made in the surface of the-street. Either such a change must follow, or travel from Tenth to Walnut street must cease. If Tenth street should be lowered at the point of intersection, plaintiff’s sidewalk must either be lowered, or access to it from the intersection must be by means of a stairway six feet in height. It is not possible that'such a state of things could have been contemplated. In our opinion, the change in the surface of Walnut — 40 — street to tlie new grade, and the change of the sidewalk to correspond thereto, were parts of the same act, and that the damages thereto were indivisible, and were all recoverable in one action, although the work was not completed when the former action was brought. In other words, that a lot owner cannot have one action for the physicial change made in the street from curb to curb, and another action for lowering the sidewalk to correspond with the change made in the other part of the street. Before the former action was brought, the city notified Charles H. Hempstead to lower the sidewalk to grade, and neither in the former action nor in the injunction suit did the city disclaim the purpose to require the sidewalk to be brought to grade. We do not think the injunction restraining the city from lowering the sidewalk was any restraint upon the plaintiff in recovering damages for the change of the surface of the street. Both the injunction and the former action to recover damages were, in our opinion, an attempt to divide an entire cause of action which was not divisible. In Freeman on Judgments, section 249, it is said: “An adjudication is final and conclusive, not only as to the matters actually determined, but as to every other matter which the parties might have litigated and have had decided, as incident to, or essentially connected with, the subject matter of the litigation.” it appears to us to be very plain that the lowering of the sidewalk, to correspond with the change made in the surface of the' street, was essentially connected therewith, and that it is not the subject of a separate action. The court should have instructed the jury that the former recovery was a bar to this action. Reversed.