Porter v. Knight

Servers, J. [367] 1. Practice: instructing the jury as to the issues. [366] I. The court in the charge to the jury made a lengthy statement of the issues, but at the conclusion [367] thereof stated: “Pora more exact and complete statement of the allegations of the parties and issues the case, see the pleadings themselves.” In a paragraph of the charge, the court said: “When you find that a fact is alleged by one of the parties and expressly admitted by the other, you may assume the fact thus admitted to be true, and no further evidence is necessary on that point. As to all the matters alleged in the petition and denied by the answer, the burden of proof rests upon the plaintiffs to establish the truth of the same, * * * and, in like manner, all the allegations made by defendant in his counter-claim, * * and denied by the reply, must be established by the defendant.” It is somewhat difficult to .say that the issues were not fully stated to the jury, and we are unable to understand why the jury were referred to the pleadings for the issues. It has been held that this constitutes reversible error. Fitzgerald v. McCarty, 55 Iowa, 702, and cases cited. If it be conceded that the issues were fully stated by the court, how can it be determined, as the jury were invited or directed to examine the pleadings for the purpose of ascertaining what the issues were, that they did not do so, and conclude that the issues had not been accurately stated by the court. It is improper to direct the jury to the pleadings for the purpose of ascertaining what is or is not admitted or denied. It is the province of the court to determine the issues, and the duty of the jury in this respect to follow the direction of the court. Because of the full statement of the issues made by the court, some of us have doubts whether, in fact, there was prejudicial error in referring the jury to the pleadings, when all the instructions bearing on this question are considered. Therefore, no determination of the question is made; but we have deemed it proper to say this much, because the case must be reversed on other grounds, and a new trial had. [368] 2. Attachment: of mortgaged personal property: writ wrongfully sued out: measure of damages on bond. II. We regard the instructions, except as above andhereafter indicated, as being substantially correct. ^ w »/ The property attached, as we understand, con-X X J sisted of “straw, stalk-pasture, oats, corn and hay.” This property was sold by the sheriff under a stipulation, which reserved to the parties «ap rights they now have, not waived by this instrument.” There were also attached two colts, which were subject to a prior mortgage, under which the colts were taken from the sheriff and sold. The proceeds, after satisfying the mortgage and costs of . sale, were paid to the sheriff, and the same is held by him under the attachment. There was also attached a yearling colt and a heifer, which, as we understand, were still in the sheriff’s hands at the time of the trial. The court instructed the jury as follows: “ 11. If you find that the attachment was not wrongfully sued out, you need not inquire further as to defendant’s counter-claim and the damages claimed thereunder. “ If the attachment was wrongfully sued out by said L. M. Small, then defendant is entitled, at least, to such actual damages as he has proved in the case. The actual damages would be the actual loss sustained by defendant by reason of the levy of the attachment, as shown by the testimony. “ If said property levied on. was sold or disposed of by the sheriff, defendant’s damages would be the fair cash value of the same when wrongfully levied on and taken, or the fair cash value of defendant’s interest in said property, with six per cent interest from the time of the levy. “ In awarding actual damages, your aim should be to compensate the party injured for actual 'loss directly resulting from the wrongful acts complained of. “ 11-J. If you find that the attachment was wrongfully sued out, and that defendant is entitled to damages, the measure of his damages upon the property levied on and still in the hands of the sheriff is the loss sustained by defendant by reason of being deprived of the use of said property since the [369] levy, and any depreciation in value of the same; and as to the property seized and sold by the consent of the parties, while plaintiffs should be charged with the cash value at the time of the seizure, they are entitled as a credit to the net cash in the hands of the sheriff, after paying costs and expenses resulting from the sale of said property.” As applied to.the facts in this case, these instructions or paragraphs of the charge, we think, are erroneous. First, as to the mortgaged property. It has been held that the mortgagor of personal property has no interest therein which can be levied on and sold under execution. Gordon et al. v. Hardin, 33 Iowa, 550. "Whether this fact has any bearing on the question as to what damages the defendant was entitled to recover, was not presented to the court below; and we shall determine the case as it was tried there, and merely mention the fact above stated, so that what we may say will not be misunderstood. The two colts, it will be assumed, were rightly taken under the attachment, but they were taken from the possession of the sheriff' under the mortgage, which was the prior lien. They were rightfully sold under the mortgage, and if at such sale they did not bring their full value, the plaintiffs are not responsible therefor. No act of theirs induced the sale, and, therefore, they cannot be made liable in damages for any loss the defendant may have sustained thereby. We think, under the circumstances, and as the case was tried, the jury should have been specifically instructed that, as to this property, the only damages the defendant was entitled to recover was the amount of money paid the sheriff', after satisfying the mortgage, with six per cent interest thereon. If the defendant was entitled to the possession of the colts, and was deprived of possession by the taking under the attachment, there is no evidence of the value of the use of the colts after they were taken under the attachment, and prior to the taking under the mortgage. There is no evidence tending to show that the colts and heifer not sold by the sheriff had depreciated in value, or that [370] their use was of any value. As to this property, the extent of the defendant’s damages is the value of the property of which he has been wrongfully deprived. Of course, if the property was wrongfully taken, the defendant would be entitled to nominal damages. In both of the respects above mentioned, we think the instructions above set out at length are erroneous. 3. -: wrongfully sued out: measure of damages on bond. III. It is urged that the instructions are also erroneous ' as to the property taken under the attachment and sold by the sheriff under the stipulation of the parties. But it is not insisted that the damages in any , ° respect should be limited by reason of the stipulation and sale. Upon the theory that the attachment was wrongfully issued, the question then is, what are the defendant’s damages? It is, perhaps, true that there is not entire accord in the authorities on this question. But the rule of the instruction is that the defendant is entitled to the fair cash value of the property when wrongfully taken, with six per cent interest thereon. We think this rule is as favorable to the appellants as they had a right to expect. Under some adjudged cases, as we understand, he would or might be entitled to more, but under none is he entitled to less. In this respect appellants have no reason to complain. 4. _. malice in suing out writ: advice of counsel to rebut: instruction. IY. The appellants asked an instruction stating, in substance, that, if it appeared from the evidence that the appellants had consulted an attorney, and were advised by him that on “the case submitted” they “had a good cause of action, and a right to sue out the attachment,” such fact would rebut malice, and exemplary damages could not be recovered. This instruction was, we think, rightfully refused, because there is no evidence to support it. The attorney who was consulted testifies: “On the statement of facts made me, I told him he had a good cause of action, and a right to sue out an attchment. * * .He made a statement of what he claimed to be certain facts, and asked me if he could sue out an attachment, and I told [371] him lie could. The facts stated to me are those introduced in the petition herein filed.” We understand the rule to be that, before the advice of counsel can be interposed as a shield against the consequences of a wrongful act, it must appear that a full and fair statement of the facts was made to the attorney. The jury cannot determine what facts were told the attorney from the evidence above stated. Therefore, it cannot be determined whether a full and fair statement was made or not. Instead of stating facts, legal conclusions, or the conclusions of the witness only, are stated. The reference to the facts stated in the petition is not sufficient, because it is therein stated that the defendant has disposed, or is about to dispose, of his property to defraud his creditors. This is a conclusion merely, or a result reached, because of the existence of certain facts. Clearly, it would not be sufficient if the plaintiffs told the attorney, without more, that defendant had disposed of his property with intent to defraud his creditors. The facts upon which the conclusion is based must be stated. The court did not err in refusing the instruction under consideration. 5. -: wrongfully sued out: attorney fees to dependant: measure of. Y. As to defendant’s appeal. It is provided by statute: “ If the attachment w-as wrongfully sued out, and there was reasonable cause to believe the ground upon which the same was issued to be true,” then the defendant is entitled to recover, “the actual damageg gQgtajjjg,^ an(j reasonable attorney fees, to be fixed by the court.” Code, § 2961. The court fixed the attorney fees at $50, and rendered judgment therefor against the plaintiffs. It is insisted that a greater sum under the evidence should have been allowed. It is insisted that the question as to whether the defendant was indebted to the plaintiffs was in issue, and that, if there was no indebtedness, then the attachment was wrongfully sued out. Therefore, i t is insisted that the attorney fee should be fixed at such an amount as would be a fair and reasonable fee for fhe trial of the whole case. We do not think this is the proper construe [372] tion of the statute. The fees are to be allowed, if the “ground” upon which the attachment was issued is not true. The statutory grounds for an attachment are stated in sec. tion 2951 of the Code, and if these are not true, then reasonable attorney fees are to be allowed. It is true, if there was no debt, the attachment must be regarded as having been wrongfully issued, and the defendant in such case is entitled to the damages sustained. But we do not think the allowance of attorney fees stands precisely on the same footing. If it had been the intent of' the legislature to give fees for the trial of the whole issue, if the attachment was wrongfully sued out, we think it would have been so said in words that could not be misunderstood. The action for the supposed debt can be brought, whether there is ground for the attachment or not. The attachment is an auxilliary proceeding, and may be commenced when the action is brought, or afterwards. The attorney lee is allowed only when it is found there was no ground for the commencement of such auxilliary proceeding. We think the court did not err in mailing the allowance for attorney fees. Affirmed on defendant’s appeal. Reversed on plaintiffs’ appeal.