Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Co. v. Chicago, Ft. Madison & Des Moines Railway Co.

Robinson, J. [17] The plaintiff has for many years owned and operated a railway from Chicago, through the states of Illinois -and Iowa, to the Missouri river, and thence westward to Denver. It. passes through Burlington, Batavia, Ottumwa, and other cities, and is one of the main railway lines of this state for the transportation of passengers and freight. At the time this action was commenced the defendant owned a railway which extended from Ft. Madison, in a northwesterly direction, a distance of-fifty-one miles, to Liberty ville, and was arranging to extend it to Ottumwa. It proposed to make the extension by constructing a railway across that of plaintiff at a point two miles east of Batavia; thence westward, a distance of about fifteen miles, crossing the railway of plaintiff again in East Ottumwa; and thence, through grounds it had procured for railway purposes, to its depot in the city. Both crossings were to be at grade. The plaintiff objected to both crossings on the grounds that they were not necessary, and that they would unnecessarily [18] impede the travel and transportation on its line, causing it to be burdensome and expensive to the plaintiff, and less satisfactory to the public, and asks, if defendant is permitted to make crossings at the places specified, that it be required to construct over or under-crossings. The plaintiff also asks that defendant be enjoined perpetually from making crossings at grade. In an amendment to its petition the plaintiff alleges that an under-crossing in East Ottumwa would be more beneficial to the parties and to the. public than an over-crossing, and offers, if the under-crossing is found to be more expensive than the ■ over-crossing, to pay the difference in cost, and, for the purposes of the case, admits the jurisdiction of the court to make an equitable apportionment between the parties of the expense of an under-crossing. The defendant alleges' that a court of equity has no jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the action, for the reason that the issues are triable at law, in a proceeding to secure the right of way for the crossings. It denies that the crossings are not necessary, and insists that it is entitled to make the crossings .at grade. When this action was commenced, defendant had given notice of proceedings to assess the damages which the taking of the right of way would cause to plaintiff; and a temporary injunction was issued to restrain the defendant from attempting to make grade-crossings, and from acquiring, by condemnation proceedings or otherwise, any right of.way for grade-crossings. Applications were made subsequently for further orders, which resulted in a finding by the court that a grade-crossing at Ottumwa should be avoided, if it could be done by a reasonable expenditure of money, and that an over-crossing1 was not practicable. It was' ordered that the injunction, as to that crossing, should be dissolved, unless the plaintiff should, within a time fixed, file its written consent and agreement to grant to defendant a right of way [19] for an under-crossing at a point designated, and to raise its grade and tracks at that point to such a height as to allow the defendant a clear space twenty-one feet in height for the passage of its trains. The crossing was to be constructed by the plaintiff, but the defendant was to pay twenty-five thousand dollars of the cost, which it was estimated would be forty thousand dollars. The consent and agreement were filed by plaintiff, as required by the order. It was afterward shown that a mistake in the surveys had been made, and that the grade and tracks of plaintiff would have to be raised, at the crossing, several feet higher than the order as first made contemplated. It was therefore modified to require a clear space of but twenty feet in height for the tracks of defendant, and the latter was required to pay two thousand dollars of the additional expenses found to be necessary to make the crossing. The plaintiff afterward constructed the crossing, and the defendant paid to it, under .protest, the twenty-seven thousand dollars required by the order as modified. The appeal of the defendant seems to be general, from' all the orders of the district court; but after the injunction to restrain the acquiring and making of grade-crossings was granted, the defendant voluntarily constructed an over-crossing at the point in controversy, east of Batavia, and the subsequent proceedings had reference almost wholly to the Ottumwa crossing. In view of the facts stated, the defendant must be held to have waived any right to a grade-crossing at the point east of Batavia, and for that reason its claim in regard to it will not be further considered. The plaintiff appeals from so much of the orders of the court as required the plaintiff to contribute to the expense necessary to enable the defendant to make the crossings, and from the failure of the court to enjoin the defendant from making the crossings. But inasmuch as the plaintiff, by a formal pleading, [20] expressly admitted the jurisdiction of the court, equitably to apportion between the parties the expense of the under-crossing, and voluntarily consented to the order of the court which provided that the plaintiff should make the crossing, to the expense of which the defendant should contribute twenty-five thousand dollars, and made no objection to the modification of the order which provided for changes, and that defendant should pay the further sum of two thousand dollars, and inasmuch as the plaintiff made the changes, and constructed the crossing, as required by the order, without objection on its part, it can not be heard to complain in this court of what has been done. 2 I. The defendant contends that it had the absolute right to elect to make such crossings of the plaintiff’s railway as should seem to it proper, and to have the damages which would be caused by them ascertained in the manner pointed out by statute, and that all objections which can be properly urged to its obtaining the right to construct such crossings can be presented and determined in the condemnation proceedings. That some questions other than those in regard to the amount of damages to which the landowners will be entitled can be determined in such proceedings is true. R’y Co. v. Donnell, 77 Iowa, 223, 42 N. W. Rep. 176. And it may be said to be the general rule that where all rights can be adjudicated, and full relief can be obtained, in the condemnation proceedings, a court of equity will not interfere to stay such proceedings. But that grade-crossings should not be allowed could not have been determined by the sheriff’s jury. They were authorized only to assess the damages which would result in taking the right of way and making the crossing as proposed by defendant. Code, secs. 1244, 1245. The company desiring the right of way may pay the damages so [21] assessed, and take possession of the property condemned, before further proceedings on appeal can be had. Code, secs. 1244, 1254, 1255. It is evident that the means afforded by the statute in proceedings at law would not have enabled the plaintiff to protect its property against at least a temporary occupation by the defendant; and, if the crossings defendant sought to construct were of a kind which should not have been permitted, a court of equity had jurisdiction to grant appropriate relief. [21] II. The claim of appellant, that its election of the kind of crossing to construct is not a matter for judicial review and control, is not, in our opinion, well , founded. The right of election sought to be enforced in this case is said to be given by section 1265 of the Code, which is as follows: “Any such corporation may construct and carry its railway across, over, or under any railway, canal, or water course, when it may be necessary in the construction of the same; and in such cases said corporation shall so construct its crossings as not unnecessarily to impede the travel, transportation, or navigation upon the railway , canal, or stream so crossed; said corporation shall be liable for the damages occasioned to any corporation or party injured by reason of said crossing.” This statute gives to a railway corporation the absolute right to carry its railway across, over, or under that of another, when it may be necessary to do so; but the right is subject to the .limitation that the crossing shall be so made as not unnecessarily to interfere with the use of the railway crossed. Where such interference is threatened, it is within the jurisdiction of the proper courts to prevent it. It can not be said that the right of crossing given by the statute is denied if the corporation desiring the crossing is required so to make it as to avoid unnecessary interference with the transporta [22] tion of passengers and freight on the railway sought to be crossed. In this case it is shown that the business of plaintiff carried on. over that part of its railway in question is large, involving the running of numerous trains daily; that there are ascending and descending grades in the vicinity of the crossing; and that it would cause great inconvenience and expense to the plaintiff to require it to stop its trains for the crossing. Moreover, the delay incident to such stopping of trains would be to the serious detriment of passengers, and dangers, always incident to grade-crossings, would be incurred. An over-crossing would not have been practicable, and is not contended for by either' party. The disadvantages of a grade-crossing are so many and so serious that, in view of the practicability of an under-crossing at a comparatively moderate expense, we think the under-crossing was properly required. See Humeston & S. R'y Co. v. Chicago, St. P. & K. C. R'y Co., 74 Iowa, 554, 38 N. W. Rep. 413. In reaching the conclusion announced we are not unmindful of the fact that grade-crossings always interfere to some extent with the use of the intersecting tracks, and that over- or under-crossings will be feasible in a great number of cases where grade-crossings are sought; but it does not follow that, in all such cases, grade-crossings should be denied. The difficulty and expense of the over- or under-crossing, and the business to be done on the railway to be crossed, and other relevant facts must be considered, in each case, in determining whether a grade-crossing would unnecessarily impede the travel and transportation on the road to be crossed, within the meaning of the statute. It is our opinion that the orders made by the district court, so far as we are required to review them,, were authorized by the evidence and the law, and that they accomplished just results. They are, therefore, aeeikmed.