Hansen's Empire Fur Factory v. Teabout

Deemer, C. J. 1 The trial court found some of the facts which we believe to be established by the evidence, and which we here adopt as a partial basis for this opinion. They are as follows: “Prank Teabout, defendant in this action originally, died in the year 1888, intestate, leaving no widow, and leaving defendant Angie Vialleau,' his only child and heir at law, being the owner of the following described, real estate, situated in O’Brien county, Iowa, to-wit: The southeast one-fourth and the northeast one-fourth of the northeast one-fourth and the southwest one-fourth of the northeast one-fourth, all in section 35, and the west one-half of the northwest one-fourth and the southeast one-fourth of the northwest one-fourth and the west one-half of the southwest one-fourth,- all in section 36, — all being in township 97 north, of range 40 west fifth P. M. That on the first day .of May, 1883, while said Teabout was the owner of [365] said real estate, the plaintiff herein obtained a judgment in the district court of O’Brien county, Iowa, for the sum of one thousand five dollans and fifty cents, with interest thereon at six per cent, per annum from said date, and costs of suit, taxed at $-. That under and by virtue of -an execution issued upon a certain judgment in favor of Hemphill, Hamlin & Co. against •said Teabout, recovered in this court on April 28, 1881, for six hundred and forty-seven dollars and costs, the sheriff of said O’Brien county, Iowa, levied upon two thousand six hundred acres of real estate, including the real estate hereinbefore described; and, certain town lots, and thereafter, on or about June 19, 1882, sold same, all in bulk, without first offering same in smaller tracts, for the full sum of seven hundred and •eighty-two dollars and thirty cents, to one Gf. W. Pitts, who thereafter assigned so much of the certificate of purchase to one Bullis as covered and described the real estate in question in this action (including about nine hundred and sixty acres of other land not in controversy herein) and that of Hansen’s Empire Fur Factory against same defendants for the sum of five hundred and sixty dollars and eighty-five cents; the said money for the payment thereof having been furnished by the defendant Angie Valleau, herein, and he having thereafter made to her a quitclaim deed therefor without further consideration. And the court further finds said sheriff’s sale and deed were invalid, and conveyed no. titel to said Bullis or his grantee, Angie Valleau, defendant herein. The court further finds that on August 8 and September 20 and 21, 1883, respectively, defendant Angie Valleau paid to the clerk of this court the full sum of five thousand one hundred and twenty-five dollars to redeem the lands hereinbefore described, from sheriff’s sale upon execution of a judgment in favor of Field, Lindley & Co. against Frank Teabout, under a foreclosure of mortgage upon [366] said real estate, with other real estate, paramount in lien to any of said judgments upon said lands; and under said redemptions sheriff’s deeds were made to said defendant Angie Valleau, which deeds were invalid, and conveyed no title as against this plaintiff. The court further finds that plaintiff’s said judgment was a lien upon said real estate junior to the judgments in favor of Field, Lindley & Co. and Hemphill, Hamlin & Co. against said Teabout. The court further finds that the personal estate of said F. Teabout, deceased, is, and has been ever since his death, insufficient to satisfy any of the judgments herein set forth in favor of plaintiff and interveners.” On this state of facts Valleau was ordered to pay plaintiff’s judgment within ninety days, and that if she did not do so the sheriff’s sale and deeds under which she claimed would be set aside, and general execution would issue for the sale of the land to pay plaintiff’s judgment, as well as to satisfy the amount Valleau had advanced to procure the sheriff’s certificate and to redeem from the foreclosure, and, as we have said dismissed the petitions of intervention. We are not favored with an argument for appellees, and have no means of knowing upon what theory the court acted in reaching his conclusions. It is apparent, however, that it found in favor of Valleau on one or more of the defenses interposed by her; and we turn, then, to a consideration of the matters so presented. [366] And first as to the rights of Welsh: He recovered his judgment in the circuit court of Winneshiek county on the sixth day of September, 1881, and filed his petition of intervention on October 27, 1893. He did not file his claim with the administrator of Teabout’s estate, and therefore must rely solely upon his judgment. We have heretofore held, and it is now the settled rule in this [367] state, that while a judgment against one who has since deceased may be enforced against the real estate upon which it is a lien without filing it is a claim against the estate, yet this must be done while the judgment lien exists. Baldwin v. Tuttle, 23 Iowa, 66; Davis v. Shawhan, 34 Iowa, 91; Boyd v. Collins, 70 Iowa, 296. In the case of Davis v. Shawhan we held that, if one seeks to enforce payment of a judgment out of real estate of one deceased, he must do so before his lien expires, and that he cannot do so after-wards. The Welsh judgment ceased to be a lien upon the land at the expiration of ten years from its date (Code 1873, section 2882), .and intervener has no remedy against the real estate. [367] Young & Co. obtained their judgment on September 28,1882, in the circuit court of O’Brien county, and they filed their petition of intervention on August 15, 1893, more than ten year® after they recovered judgment. They ¿ire in the same position as intervener Welsh, except that they filed their claim with the administrator December 9, 1892, and the same was allowed by order of the district court of O’Brien county on December 13, 1892. It is apparent that the lien of their judgment had expired when they filed their petition of intervention. The filing and allowance of their claim gave them no additional right as against the real estate, for, as said in Davis v. Shawhan, supra: “A judgment creditor has two remedies, or rather, has recourse to two funds. He may either seek payment out of the personal assets, or he may enforce his lien on the real estate. * * * If he adopts the former, he must file his claim, duly proved, within the time limited by the law.” “He has no special claim to have his judgment satisfied out of the real estate, and can only seek payment * * * from the personal assests in the [368] hands of the administrator, in which case the real estate might in the event of inadequacy of the personal assets, be subjected to the payment thereof. * * *” We may also add, in this connection, that such action must as a general rule, be brought by the administrator, and, save as to exceptional cases, within the year allowed for the filing of claims. Creswell v. Slack, 68 Iowa, 110; Minear v. Hogg, 94 Iowa, 641. Creditors must, as a rule, have a lien before filing a bill in equity to subject real estate to the payment of their claims. See Wait, Fraud Conveyance, section 73, 75, 87; Buchanan v. Marsh, 17 Iowa, 494; Goode v. Garrity, 75 Iowa, 713; Faivre v. Gillan, 84 Iowa, 573. We are aware that there are exception® to this rule, as where one has made a fraudulent conveyance of, his property, and thereafter dies', his creditors may, under certain circumstances; proceed to subject the property without first obtaining judgments upon their claims. But this exception has reference to claims not reduced to judgment during the lifetime of the debtor, and also has- reference to claims filed at a proper time with the representative of the estate. Moreover, as we shall see, these petitions of intervention are not creditors’ bills, but are attempts to subject property to the payment of judgment liens. [368] Jaffray & Co. obtained their judgment in the United States circuit court for the Northern district of Iowa, western division, on the twenty-second day of May, 1882, and they filed their petition of intervention on May 22,1892, which was within ten years from the time the judgment was rendered. It also appears that they filed their claim with the administrator, Long, and secured the allowance thereof on the twenty-sixth day of December, 1888. It further appears that the action brought by Long, administrator, against Yalleau, to [369] subject the real state to the payment of debts was for the special benefit of this intervener. See Long v.Valleau, 87 Iowa, 686. As the judgment ceased to be a lien the next day after the filing of the petition of intervention, it could only be enforced in a suit independent of the administration proceedings, by the levy of a'n execution upon the real estate; and, as the j adgment debtor is dead, a renewal by scire facias is necessary in order that the lien may be continued and enforced. In the case of Albee v. Curtis, 77 Iowa, 647, we held that the issuance of an execution did not extend the lien of a judgment, that the lien was statutory, and that “the mere lapse of time annihilates the lien of a judgment.” See, also,Lakin v. C. H. McCormick & Bro., 81 Iowa, 548, where it is said: “If he seeks the advantages of his lien, lie should not defer his action until it is too late to perfect his rights thereunder. The law fixes the period, and provides the means for rendering his lien effectual. If he neglects action, until too late to complete his work within the period, then the right to make the levy is a barren one, —in effect, no right.” gee, also, Flagg v. Flagg, 39 Neb. 229 (58 N. W. Rep. 109); Denegre v. Haun, 13 Iowa, 245; Bertram v. Waterman, 18 Iowa, 529; Hendershott v. Ping, 24 Iowa, 134; Boyle v. Maroney, 73 Iowa, 70. Postlewait v. Howes, 3 Iowa, 364, is not in conflict with these subsequent cases. If, then, Jaffray & Co.’s judgment ceased to be a lien at the expiration of ten years from its date, and if the issuance of an execution upon scire facias will not renew it, it is clear that they have no right to proceed, independent of the administrator, to subject the property to the payment of their judgment. [369] In so far, then, as these interventions are actions brought by judgment creditors to enforce their claims and liens against property of one deceased after the rendition of their judgments, they are barred by reason [370] of tlie statute limiting judgment liens to the period of ten years. It may also be said- that Jaffray & Co. and Welsh are not in position to enforce their liens, as they are required to have their right to executions renewed because of the death of the judgment debtor, and this they cannot do except in the court where the judgments were" rendered. See McClain’s Code, section 4321. Appellants’ counsel contend that this section, as printed in McClain’s Code, is incorrect, that the reading as given in the original Code of 1873 is correct, and that interveners had the right to have execution awarded in the O’Brien county district court. We find that Mr. McClain has properly stated the facts with reference to the passage of this section of the Code, and that his rendering is the correct one. The original bill is as stated by Mr. McClain, and it follows that none but the court which renders the judgment has power to award execution against one deceased since the rendition thereof. This, in itself, would be a sufficient answer to the claims of interveners Jaffray & Co. and Welsh, for it must be remembered that this is not an action to set aside conveyances made by deceased because of .fraud, but to subject certain real estate to the payment of judgments rendered before his death, and to redeem from execution sales thereof because of certain defects therein. In the case of Albee v. Curtis, supra, we held that a junior judgment creditor had no right to redeem after the expiration of ten years from the rendition of his judgment. See, also, Long v. Mellet, 94 Iowa, 548. Young & Co.’s claim is clearly barred by the statute. [370] Long, as administrator, brought his suit to subject this same real estate to the payment of claims filed against the Teabout estate, claiming that the conveyance to Angie Valleau was fraudulent, and that she [371] held the same as a resulting or implied trust for the Teabout estate, and that the personal estate was insufficient to pay the debts. He was defeated in his suit, and the decree rendered in that case is binding upon the creditors whom he represented. It is settled in this state that an administrator may bring such a suit. Cooley v. Brown, 30 Iowa, 470; Doe v. Clark, 42 Iowa, 123; Harlin v. Stevenson, 30 Iowa, 371. As he had this authority, the parties for whose benefit the suit was brought are concluded thereby. Perry v. Mills, 76 Iowa, 622; Freeman, Judgments, (4th ed.) section 163; 2 Van Fleet, Former Adjudication, 925; Mehlhop v. Ellsworth, 95 Iowa, 657. Interveners Jaffray & Co. are clearly concluded by this determination,from claiming that the land should be sold to pay their claim as one of the creditors of the estate. Young & Co. are also concluded, if it be held that they filed their claim in time to be entitled to any of the general assets. In view of our holding, it is unnecessary to consider whether or not Welsh is bound by' the decree rendered in that case. 10 Let it be conceded, however, that this case presents issues,' different from those presented in the case brought by the administrator. What, then, is the situation? Clearly, those creditors who filed their claims ivith the administrator are estopped from claiming that the conveyance from Teabout to- Valleau was fraudulent. They must recover, then, upon the theory that they are judgment lien-holders (which we have seen they cannot do), or upon the proposition that they are creditors of Teabout’s estate, that the personal assets are insufficient to pay his debts, and that they are entitled to have the real estate sold, or a right of redemption given, to pay their claims. There are several insuperable objections to this last claim: First, the administrator must, as a general rule, bring such an action, and it must, ordinarily, be brought within the year allowed for filing claims. The [372] administrator brought a suit for this purpose, and was defeated. Again, the administrator did not refuse to bring such suit, and no reason is given why the creditors proceed, instead of the administrator. Moreover, no excuse is given why such suit, even if it could be brought, was delayed for nearly five years from the date of Teabout’s .death. A still further objection is found in the fact that the actions are and were independent, and not for all the creditors, — thus evidencing the fact that the suits are for the purpose of enforcing liens independent of.the administration proceedings. ■ 11 Another cogent reason why interveners cannot recover on any theory is found in the fact that they have been guilty of such laches as that they should not be heard to complain. The sheriff’s sales which they attack were made more than ten years ago.. They were and are defective, because the land was sold en masse, and because the homestead was not platted and set apart. They offer no excuse for not sooner bringing their suits, and it seems to us they ought not now to be heard to complain. Williams v. Allison, 33 Iowa, 278; Coriell v. Ham, 4 G. Greene, 455. It is not necessary for us to determine whether the decree rendered by the court- upon Long’s application to sell was res adjudícala as to all matters which might have been pleaded in that case. The decree' of the district court, in so. far as the interveners are concerned, is right, and it is affirmed. Ladd, J., took no part.