Lindt v. Schlitz Brewing Co.

Déemeh, J. 1 Plaintiff claims that he rendered services 'for the defendant, at its instance and request, in purchasing • some land in the city of Council Bluffs; in examining, as an ■ attorney at law, certain abstracts of -title; and in searching for property for the defendant. That plaintiff did render ¡services for defendant, in the matter of purchasing property is conceded. That property was purchased of one Lutz, and -it is contended that plaintiff had an agreement with him (Lutz) whereby he agreed to pay plaintiff a commission for selling the property; that plaintiff could not act as agent of both parties, and is not, therefore, entitled to a commission from defendant. Lutz was a witness for defendant, and testified that he paid plaintiff a commission for selling his. property. Pie was then asked what the percentage was. Objection to the question was sustained, and the ruling is assigned as error. We think it was correct-. The fact that he"paid Lindt a commission was material, but the exact amount paid was not. 2 Plaintiff at one time rendered a bill to defendant, which was paid. This bill did not include some of the items now ■sued for. After stating that the bill was rendered before any of the transactions in controversy arose, that it had reference to another transaction, and that the items, or some of them, now sued for, were not in the bill, he was asked why. Objection to the question, in view of this record, was properly sustained. [202] Defendant asked an instruction to the effect that, as plaintiff was the agent of Lutz for the sale of the property, he could not collect a commission from defendant without showing that, with knowledge of Lutz’s contract for commission, defendant expressly agreed to pay plaintiff a commission for purchasing the property. This was refused and in lieu thereof the court instructed that plaintiff could not recover if he acted as agent for both parties, unless it was shown that defendant was notified that [203] plaintiff was claiming a commission from both, and with ■this knowledge, derived through its agent, completed the purchase and took the benefit of plaintiff’s services. The instruction concludes as follows: “The law is that, where both principals consent or have notice that the agent acts for both parties, the disability referred to in the first part of the insurance is removed.” It is ■against public policy for an agent to represent both buyer • and seller. Each has the right to rely on his skill, knowledge, •and influence, and, as the interests of buyer and seller usually ■conflict, the law does not ordinarily allow one to assume this •double relation. If, however, the buyer has full knowledge that the agent is acting for the seller, he may still employ him •to purchase; and, if he does so, the agent is entitled to compensation for his services. There need not be an express ¡agreement tn pay in such a case, but there must be full knowl•edge of the prior relation, and such facts and circumstances shown as will raise an implied contract to pay for the services. Rice v. Wood, 113 Mass. 133. Abstractly considered, the instruction announced a correct rule of law. The evidence tends to show, however, that after the Lutzi property was called to the attention of the defendant’s agent, and that agent had concluded to recommend the pur•chase thereof, he learned that plaintiff was to get a commission from Lutz, and said that it placed him in an awkward position. Eor some reason, not fully shown, but probably because of this fact, the purchase was not promptly closed Tip; and while it was pending, and before defendant sent the purchase price of the property, another agent of the company, whose authority in the premises is not shown, induced the plaintiff to write it a letter, of which the following is a ¡copy: “Council Bluffs, Iowa, May 30th, 1894. Jos. Schlitz '.Brewing Co., Milwaukee, Wis. — Gentlemen: Tour agent, .Mr. Siemsen, has just been to see me about your matters in this city. There is undoubtedly a misunderstanding in this matter, either upon your part, or else your Mr. Kirkhoff mis [204] understood me. He wanted to know what my fees would be,, and authorized me to purchase pieces of property that I am at work at for you. Now, about my fees: I told Hr. Kirkhoff that my terms were these: That I would charge five percent. for purchasing the property, which charge included all legal work in the matter, such as examining abstracts and preparing proper papers. Of course, I thought when I told Hr. Kirkhoff that he understood me that I Avould not charge you folks any commission, if I got a commission from the other-party, the seller of the property, in which case I would only charge you a reasonable fee for the legal work, as I don’t do-business that way,and I would under no circumstances collect pay from both sides. Where the sellers pay you would not have to pay any commission; and I told Hr. Kirkhoff that I was getting a commission from Hr. Jacob F. Lutz, so that you would not have to pay a commission on that place. Now, gentlemen, my reputation would bo ruined if I was to charge fees from both sides, and I have been here nearly tweuty-fiveyears, and no one can ever say that I have done my work in that way. If I did, I would have no practice or business. I am sorry, gentlemen, that you have- this impression — that I charged both parties. If I was doing that, I would undoubtedly have kept the thing to myself, and would not have told Hr. Kirkhoff'that I was getting a commission from'Hr. Lutz. As I said before, I don’t work on both sides of a case, as my honor and reputation are worth more to me and my family than a few paltry dollars. I have always been known to stand by my client through thick and thin, and not sell out and forsake him. If I do your business, I expect to do it honorably and squarely, or not do it at all, and get the property as cheap as possible to get it. I therefore trust that after you receive this, with this explanation, you will be satisfied. If you want any references, you can refer to Hr. Jno. Beresheim, vice president of the Council Bluffs Savings Bank; or to the First National Bank; to Jno. Linder, wholesale liquor-dealer; Groneweg &Shpentgen, wholesale grocers; to E. L. [205] •Shuggart, retired.merchant; and all the other prominent citizens of this city. Hoping to hear from you on receipt of •this, I remain, yours respectfully, John Lindt.”) After the receipt of this letter the defendant forwarded the 'money, and the deed was delivered'. Plaintiff testified that there was a “row on in Milwaukee,” and that “one of defendant’s agents came to him about charging them a •commission, and wanted him to write a letter”; that he wrote the letter at the instance of this agent, who said there would be enough other business to more than repay him ■(plaintiff), and1 not to have any charge made about the Lutz property. “Insisted upon my writing that kind of a letter. 'Think I read it to him, and he said it was satisfactory. They •did not give me any other business.” There is no showing that either of defendant’s agents above referred to was authorized to buy property One had authority to inspect, and the other was a local agent who occasionally assisted in buying. [205] Respecting this evidence the court gave the following instruction: “(I) Relative to the testimony of the plaintiff —plaintiff’s explanation of his letter to the defendant of May 30, 1891, to the effect that this was a request of one Siemsen, an agent of the defendant — you are instructed that, even though the evidence shows authority in Siemsen to make contracts with plaintiff for employment, and pay therefor, he was wholly lacking in authority to do any act for deception of his principal. He was not employed by his principal to deceive it or in any wise to mislead it, and this the law conclusively presumed was at the time known by plaintiff. But you should look at the letter, and determine from the contents of the letter, and the facts and circumstances, bearing thereon, to determine whether defendants were deceived thereby; and if you find that said letter was written at the request of defendant’s agent, and was written by plaintiff in consideration of further business, and if you find from the evidence that defend [206] ant, when they had business in this locality, failed and refused to give the same to- plaintiff, then lie may recover fertile service waived or released by the letter, if - you find any were released by said letter.” Taken together, we think thcsseinstructions were erroneous, as applied to the facts; — some of which were in dispute, and some of which the jury were authorized to find in'accord with defendant’s contention. It is: manifest that a controvery arose over the matter of double-commissions as soon, as defendant’s agent reported the facts,, which was after a price for the property had been agreed on. In view of that fact, defendant had the right to repudiate-the purchase. Indeed, it seems that it held back and would not complete it until plaintiff wrote the letter hitherto-quoted. It had the right to rely on that letter, and, if on the strength of it the purchase was completed, plaintiff is not entitled to recover because of an implied contract as stated in the first instruction. It was informed by that letter that be-(plaintiff) would not charge anything- if he received a commission from Lutz, and therefore would make no charge against it. If it acted on the strength of this letter, as the-jury may have found, then no implied contract for the payment of a commission would arise. If it be said that the letter was written at the request of defendant’s agent, and with the intent to deceive, as stated in the-second instruction quoted, it was nevertheless binding on plaintiff.’ Whatever knowledge the agent may have received under these circumstances would not be imputed to defendant. But it does not appear, that the agent who caused the writing of the letter intended to deceive. For aught that appeafsj he thought plaintiff was in good faith and would not claim a commission. The inference to be derived from the evidence is that, according to the agent’s version, plaintiff was not to claim a commission for the sale of the property because of his (the agent’s) implied:, if not express, promise-to give him enough other business to repay him for the work done. But, however this may be, the ultimate question here207 is, was there an implied contract for services, with knowl-edge that plaintiff was acting as agent for the seller, as stated in the instruction first referred to, in view of the letter • that was received by defendant before it consummated the-contract? Under the instructions given by the court, the jury was justified in finding there was such a contract, notwithstanding defendant acted on the strength of the repre-sentations contained in the letter. It may be that plaintiff’s. promise to forego a commission for the purchase of the property was in consideration of the agent’s promise to give him (plaintiff) enough other business to repay him, and that the ■ agent did not do as he agreed; but, if that be true, it has no. bearing on the question of implied contract. Assume that there was a failure of consideration for the statements con-tained in the letter to the effect that plaintiff would not claim a commission; that would not in itself establish an implied promise to pay a commission, as stated in the instruction, un- • der the facts as the jury might have found them. The agent’s . promise was taken in lieu of commission, and was a satisfaction thereof. The remedy, if any, is on this promise, and not. on the implied contract. Merry v. Allen, 39 Iowa, 235 ; Hall v. Smith 15 Iowa, 584. We are not to be understood as asserting that all the facts above recited are established. Some of' them are in dispute, but such as wé have recited might have been found; and, if they had been found as indicated, the in- - structions applied thereto would have mislead the jury, 'and resulted in an erroneous, conclusion. If the agent failed to - comply with his agreement, doubtless a remedy therefor may be found. With that question we have no present concern. The point we now decide is that the instructions given were ■ erroneous, as applied to facts that might have been found by the jury. The letter to which we have referred may not have been binding on plaintiff, because of failure of consid- • eration, but the question is "broader than that. It is this:Assume it was not binding on plaintiff as a contract; what effect did it have on defendant, and what bearing does it have208 ■on the claim of implied contract ? Some other questions are argued, but they are not regarded as of sufficient importance to demand further attention. Nor the error pointed out, the judgment is reversed.