Tufts v. Norris

Waterman, J, [253] 2 3 [252] Plaintiff’s action was a simple one at law on a promissory note. The defenses pleaded, of payment and partial want of consideration, were legal defenses, and, upon the issues so raised, plaintiff had a right to a jury trial. The only matter pleaded which could have warranted a reference was the claimed credit on, or offset against, the note, arising from a balance"of accounts between the parties. We do not understand that a plaintiff, in a'law action, can be necessarily deprived of his right to a jury by pleading equitable matter in defenses. The cases involving accounts in which reference may be made without consent of parties, so far as the matter is material here, are those involving mutual accounts, such as were formerly cognizable in equity. Code, section 3735; McMartin v. Bingham, 27 Iowa, 234. That is they are cases involving an equitable issue. Now, where an equitable defense is pleaded to a law action, while that issue may be [253] tried by the court, the right of plaintiff to a jury trial on the case he presents is not affected. Code, section 3435; Byers v. Rodabaugh, 17 Iowa, 53; Hackett v. High, 28 Iowa, 539. Doubtless the account here being mutual and lengthy, was such as should have been sent to:a referee to be stated, but the claim of plaintiff, and the other defenses, should not have been sent with it. In so far as a-reference is concerned, we think that rights of the parties should be deemed the same as where an equitable defense is pleaded in a law action. That is, only such special matter should 'have been heard without the intervention of a jury. The claimed failure of consideration arose; it is averred, in this way: Defendant had given plaintiff his note for $600 in payment for a tract of land. Plaintiff afterwards refused to part with the land, and, defendant acceding considered the note canceled. Still later, and unwittingly on defendant’s part, the amount of this note was included in the instrument in suit. Now, it is true defendant, in the exhibit of his account, makes this $600 transaction one item thereof, charging it to plaintiff as a note canceled, but it is not properly there, so far as this casé is concerned. It is pleaded as a matter of defense by him, distinct from the balance of account, and should not be included in any reference made. But it is said plaintiff waived his right to object to the reference, because he moved for judgment on the report of the referee, which was in his favor. He had previously excepted to-the order of reference, If, when the report came in, he was content to accept it if the court would enter an order of confirmation, we do not see why he should lose his rights under the exception when the court refused its approval. An order of submission of the various motions was made, and, on this submission, the court overruled plaintiff’s motion for judgment, sustained the exceptions in part of defendant, and also his motion to set aside the report of the referee, and, after considering the [254] evidence introduced before such referee, which had been preserved in writing, retried the case, and rendered judgment as stated. It is urged by plaintiff that this action was erroneous; that the cause should have been again referred or a new trial granted. Lyons v. Harris, 73 Iowa, 292, is cited'to sustain this position. In view of our holding on the other branch of the case, a decision of this question is of no importance to the parties. It may be well to say, however, that the section of the Code referred to in the cited case relates to actions of partition, and does not govern instances of reference of actions for trial. Nor the reasons given, the judgment is reversed.