Lanza v. Legrand Quarry Co.

Sherwin, J. [301] 1 2 [300] There is a conflict in the evidence as to whether the plaintiff was directed to do the work he was [301] engaged in at the time he was injured, or whether he voluntarily left his other work to--'engage therein. The evidence conclusively shows, however, that he and Caputo went to the ledge in question, and there found the old hole which had been drilled for blasting purposes. Caputo says that he explored’it, and found it about two feet deep; that he then placed therein a stick of dynamite about an inch long, and pushed it down the hole some six inches, where it stuck; that the ’ plaintiff then took a steel tamping rod, and undertook to force it down by tapping it; that he cautioned him of the danger of so-doing, but that he continued until the explosion occurred. On the other hand, the plaintiff claims that there was no obstruction in the hole within two feet of the top; that he did not see Caputo put any charge therein, or know that any was there; and that he received no warning from him. As to these matters the finding of the jury is final. If the plaintiff is entitled to recover at all, his recovery must be based on the finding that there was an unexploded charge in the old hole when he was sent there to work, of which he was not advised, and of which the defendant was or should have been advised; for it is evident that, if the man Caputo placed the explosive substance in the hole after he went there at the time in question, it would be the act of a fellow servant, for which the defendant is in no way liable, for the place was safe when the plaintiff was directed to go-there to work. City of Minneapolis v. Lundin, 7 C. C. A. 844 (58 Fed. Rep. 525). It is immaterial whether the foreman did or did not direct the use of the old hole in'blasting the rock. If he sent these men there with instructions to do that particular work, he should know that they would use the means at hand for doing it, and the evidence shows that he-knew of the old hole at that place. Putting aside for the time being the question of the plaintiff’s contributory negligence, let us determine what evidence there is of [302] negligence on the part of the defendant. The rule that the master is bound to use ordinary care and diligence to provide a reasonably safe place for the servant to work is not questioned, and, if the defendant complied, with this rule is not liable; otherwise it is. The evidence is undisputed that the defendant had worked this quarry for 25 years; that one of its positive requirements of all quarrymen using explosive was that no unexploded charges of any kind be left in the rock; that if it was not exploded for any reason, it was to be taken out at once; and if it could not be done on the'same day it was placed there it must be removed the first thing the following day. It is also undisputed that no unexploded charge of any kind had ever been before foundinthe quarry. The hole in question had been charged and blown out three times before the accident happened. As to this there is no dispute. The last time it had been charged by any employee of the defendant was two weeks before, and the charge was entirely exploded or blown out. Further than this, it is the undisputed evidence that when a hole .is charged for blasting it is filled to the top, or very nearly so, with sand or some other substance, placed on top of the charge; so that, if the plaintiff’s testimony be true, that the hole was open two feet deep, — which is about the usual depth of such holes, — there was nothing to indicate to any one that it contained an unexploded charge. If, when the hole was left two weeks before, it was empty, — as the evidence shows without contradiction, — there is absolutely nothing in-the record from which an inference, even, can be drawn that an employee of the defendant placed the "dynamite therein which caused the explosion; and if it wras not put there by one of the defendant’s servants, but was put there by a stranger, without the knowledge or consent of the defendant, it certainly is not chargeable with negligence in not discovering it. In Burke v. Anderson, 16 C. C. A. 442 (69 Fed. Rep. 814)). cited by the appellee, the evidence fended to show attempts and failure to fire other holes, that [303] the battery had missed fire before ]he accident, and that sticks of unexploded dynamite had been left by their blasting operations previous to the occasion in question. In Neveu v. Sears, 155 Mass. 303 (29 N. E. Rep. 472), the evidence also tended to show “that at times during the two years in which the defendant had worked the quarry unexploded cartridges were found remaining in the ledge, and also in quarried blocks, notwithstanding the means used to discover and remove them.” In both of the above cases the evidence tended to support the claim that, notwithstanding the precautions taken by the defendants, accidents of which they knew had occurred, and under such circumstances it was held that the negligence of the defendants was a question for the jury. Here the defendant had relied for 25 years on its instructions and precautions as to handling dangerous explosives. These instructions and precautions, if attended to by its employes, rendered the work as nearly safe as possible; and, further, it made every place to which an employee was sent to work absolutely safe so far as hidden dangers were concerned. No unexploded charge had ever before been left in a hole; no place had ever before beenfoundunsafebyreason of hidden explosives. Why, then, could not the defendant safely rely on the extreme care it had taken in this respect ? We think it could, and that it should be said as a matter of la^ that it was not guilty of negligence in this case. The eighth instruction we think correct. The Twelfth announces the correct rule of law as to the duty of the master. The thirteenth told the jury that the' plaintiff had the right to rely on the implied insurance that there were no latent defects, etc. The plaintiff had the right to assume that the defendant had exercised ordinary care in providing a safe place to work, and might rely on .the implied assurance that the place was safe; but the defendant was not the insurer of the place and in this respect the language of the instruction is wrong. We dis [304] cover no error in rulings on the introduction of the evidence. It is not necessary to discuss the question of the plaintiff’s contributory negligence, nor the question of accord and satisfaction. For the reasons already given, the judgment is reversed.