Holbrook v. Griffis

Deemee, J. 'Plaintiff owns one lot-and tbe fraction of another in tbe town of Tipton. Tbis property faces tbe [506] west, and there is an alley running north and south at the rear of the lots, and through the middle of the block, in which his lots are situated. Defendant owns the west one hundred feet of the lot immediately south of and in the same block as plaintiff’s property. Plaintiff’s house, which was constructed nearly thirty years ago, is near the south line of his lot, and close to the line fence between his property and that of the defendant. Plaintiff also has a well, a closet, a hogyard, and a sink upon his premises. The sink and well are also close to the line fence between the two properties. Defendant’s house is on the southwest corner of his property, which is in the southwest corner of the block, but he built his barn, manure and horse lot, and a privy near the northeast corner of his premises, and close to the boundary line between his own and plaintiff’s property. The barn is within thirty feet of plaintiff’s house, and the horse and manure lot come up close to the boundary line. The ground naturally slopes to the northeast, so that the wash from the stable and manure lot is in the direction of plaintiff’s property. Commencing something like 60 feet from the street in front of the two properties, and on the line between them, there is a board fence running back to. the northeast comer of defendant’s property. This fence is 5% feet-in height. Plaintiff claims that the improvements made by the defendant upon his property, and the maintenance thereof, constitute a nuisance, in that: (1) The horses and other animals kept in the barn make noises which disturb and annoy plaintiff and his family; (2) the defendant-permitted large amounts of manure to accumulate in his lot, .which gave off noisome smells and noxious gases, injurious to the health and comfort of plaintiff and family; and (3) that- the surface water which fell upon and near the barn and manure became offensive by draining through the manure, and that after being charged thereby it passed upon the plaintiff’s lots, which were lower than those owned by the defendant adjoining the same, thus preventing the use of [507] water from bis well. Various other injurious results are complained of, and plaintiff asked damages on account thereof in the sum of $1,000. It appears that in -March of the year 1901 this same plaintiff brought an equitable action for an injunction against the defendant, in which he asked for the abatement of the nuisance by the removal of the buildings, the manure, and other substances surrounding the same, and for other equitable relief. To that action defendant appeared and joined issue, and, after a trial upon the merits, the trial court on November 16, 1901, entered a decree, -pursuant to a settlement and compromise of the case, requiring defendant to remove the horseyard from the north of his barn, to remove the privy from the southwest to the southeast corner of the barn, to keep the manure in a bos upon his premises, to permit plaintiff to get water from a hydrant in defendant’s.bam for the period of six months, and to remove the high board fence between the lots. This is the decree which was pleaded in bar of plaintiff’s • present action for damages. Plaintiff in his reply pleaded that this decree did not bar his action for damages, (1) because no damages were asked in the equity ease, (2) because defendant did not comply with the decree, in that he did not regard all of the terms .thereof, and that by reason thereof he has been damaged. To the ruling on the demurrer no exception was taken, but the ■case proceeded to trial as ^ if it were sufficient in law. No exceptions having been taken to the ruling on this demurrer, there is nothing here for us to consider. Defendant contends that the court was in error in permitting plaintiff to show the value óf his property before and after the establishment of the nuisance, for the reason that the matters complained of were not permanent in character, and could be easily abated. He also insists that the trial court adhered to the wrong measure of damages, both in the introduction of testimony and. in its instructions. Purther claim is made that the instructions given by the [508] trial court bad no support in the evidence, and were improper in any view of the case. Other rulings are challenged which we shall notice during the course of the opinion. 1. Nuisance: measure of damages; evidence. During the introduction of the evidence the trial court remarked, in ruling on an objection, that he should instruct the jury that the decree in the equity case constituted “ set-tlement of all damages up to that time ”; and in the first instruction given to the jury it said that the plaintiff, in order to recover, must show that since the 16th day of November, 1901, he had suffered the injuries or inconveniences complained of, or some of them, in consequence of defendant’s still maintaining the nuisance charged; and that, if he had so shown, he would be entitled to such sum as would fully compensate him for all the damages he had sustained. In referring to the rule whereby to measure such damages, the court said: (3) If you find for the plaintiff, the measure of his recovery, if any, between the fair and reasonable value of the use of his home as it existed prior to the establishment of the alleged nuisance and after the premises were rendered offensive by the noxious odors from defendant’s outbuildings located on the adjoining lot, if you so find, together with such other and further sum as will reasonably compensate him for the inconvenience and discomfort which he has suffered, if any, in being deprived of his home by and in consequence of the continuance of the alleged nuisance. (4) If you find for the plaintiff, he will be entitled to recover as damages the loss sustained by him in the comfortable use and enjoyment of his home since November 16, 1901, and such further sum as in your judgment will compensate him for the inconvenience and discomfort suffered in the deprivation of the comfortable enjoyment of his homestead by himself and family during said period, to-wit, November 16, 1901. These instructions are difficult to reconcile; but if we may assume that they limited plaintiff’s loss in the value of the use of the property from November 16th down to the [509] date of trial, and such additional damages as may bave resulted therefrom according to the rule laid down in Vogt v. Grinnell, 123 Iowa, 335, and cited cases, still the court was in error in permitting witnesses to testify as to the difference in the value of the property before and after the erection and establishment of the alleged nuisance. According to the court’s own theory, the damages should have been limited to the difference in the value of the use of plaintiff’s premises from the time of the entry of the decree in the equity cast down to the time of the trial in consequence of the nuisance; but it admitted evidence, over defendants objections, to show the difference in the value of the property itself before and after the establishment of the nuisance complained of. For instance, plaintiff was permitted over defendant’s objections to answer this question: “You may tell the jury what the difference in value of your property is and was with these things there and before they were put there. How- much damage is it to you ? ” Another sample question will indicate the erroneous view taken by the trial court in the admission of evidence. Plaintiff was permitted to answer this question, over defendant’s objection: “ Taking the whole thing into consideration- — -well, and everything else — tell the jury how much you have been damaged by the defendant’s actions.” Surely no authorities are needed to support the contention that this question was entirely improper. Another witness who testified as to the amount of the damages was permitted, over defendant’s objection, to answer this question: “ With the barn located there, and the out-buildings such as are there, you may tell the jury what, in your judgment, is the difference in the value between that property with these things there and with them not there.” Another witness on the subject of damages, and the only other who gave any testimony on the subject, was permitted to answer this question: “ You may tell the jury now whether or not, the situation as it is there, with this high board fence there, and the barn and the situation as it is, [510] whetkei’ or not that, in your judgment, depreciates tbe value of Holbrook property.” This witness said on cross-examination, however, that tbe property bad not depreciated any in value since November 16, 1901. Many witnesses for tbe defendant testified tbat there bad been no depreciation in tbe value of tbe property since November 16, 1901. It is perfectly manifest tbat tbe trial court was in error, either in its rulings on evidence, or in tbe giving of instructions. Assuming tbat tbe instructions are correct as abstract propositions of law, they were erroneous here, because there was no evidence to support them. On tbe other band, if we assume tbat tbe rulings on evidence were correct, tbe instructions were wrong, for thereby plaintiff was denied a right to recover any damages done prior to November 16th, and tbe verdict should have been for tbe defendant under tbe instructions given. If we understand these instructions, they announce a correct rule of law, and tire trial court was in error not only in its rulings on evidence, but in submitting tbe case on a theory which there was no evidence to support. 2. Defense: evidence. II. There was evidence to tbe effect tbat tbe sink or cesspool maintained by plaintiff upon bis own premises rendered tbe water in bis well unfit for drinking purposes. To meet this^ as we suppose, tbe trial court instrueted as follows: “ Tbe defendant has introduced evidence tending to show tbat tbe plaintiff has created a nuisance himself b[y using a drain or sewer for filthy slops upon bis own premises, but you are instructed tbat proof tbat tbe plaintiff has established such nuisance will not defeat bis right of recovery from tbe defendant, if you. find be lias suffered damage during said time, as tbe doctrine of contributory negligence does not apply in this class of cases.” Tbe error in this is so apparent tbat we need not do more than refer to tbe matter. [511] 3. Evidence. [510] III. Plaintiff was permitted, over defendant’s objections, to introduce a resolution passed by tbe board of health [511] of tbe city of Tipton under date of November 13, 1901, declaring; tbe defendant’s barn and privy a nui-J sanee. Manifestly this should not have been admitted, for reasons so apparent that argument can sbed no further light thereon. Other matters argued are not likely to arise on a retrial, hence we do not consider them. Nor the errors already pointed out, the judgment must be, and it is, reversed.