State v. Erdlen

Bishob, J. The charge made in the indictment, in substance, is that the defendant at a time named, and in the county of Wapello, “ did unlawfully, willfully, and felo-niously then and there be found having in his possession burglar’s tools and implements, with intent to commit the crime of burglary,” etc. After verdict defendant presented — 621 — bis motion in arrest of judgment, based upon the insufficiency of the indictment to warrant or sustain a conviction, and this for the reason in particular that the indictment contained no description of the tools or implements alleged to have been found in his possession, and which were claimed to be burglar’s tools and implements. The motion was overruled, judgment was pronounced, and this appeal followed. The statute upon which the indictment was based (Code, section 4/190) reads .as follows: “If any person be found having in his possession at any time any burglar’s tools or implements with the intent to commit the crime of burglary, he shall be imprisoned,” etc. It will be observed that the indictment follows substantially the language of the statute, and undoubtedly it was the thought of the.framer of the instrument that such was sufficient. In this conclusion we cannot agree. The requirement as to the charging part of an indictment is that it shall “ contain a statement of the facts constituting the offense in ordinary and concise language, without repetition, and in such manner as to enable a person of common understanding to know what is. intended.” Code, section 5280. And, further: “ The indictment must be direct and certain as regards the particular circumstances of the offense charged, when they are necessary to constitute a complete offense.” Code, section 5282. Now, it is plain enough that being found in possession of burglar’s tools, with intent, etc., constitutes the gist of the statutory offense. The statute does not, however, undertake to define what tools come within the meaning of the term as used. And, turning away from the statute, we cannotsay that any particular tool or set of tools is so generally and exclusively known as burglar’s tools that the common mind must needs picture the same upon the bare utterance of the expression, and without further description. Quite to the contrary, it is undoubtedly true that any one of possible thousands of tools may be used by a burglar in the prosecution of his marauding expeditions. Indeed, it is difficult to — 622 — conceive that there can be any tools made use of by burglars — from the bungler to tbe expert —■ wbicb may not also bave a place in tbe uses of legitimate industry. Accordingly it must be true that any tools alleged and'shown to be sucb as are commonly made use of by burglars, or wbicb may be used by tbe possessor thereof to enable bim to commit tbe crime of burglary, will be sufficient to satisfy tbe primary requirement of tbe statute. Tbe rest must depend upon tbe question of intent as to use. As we bave seen, tbe purpose of an indictment is to make plainly known to tbe person accused tbe particular circumstances of bis offense, and, in our view, this requirement is not met by anything less than a description wbicb shall be sufficient to advise bim what particular tools be is charged with having in possession with intent, etc. Without' sucb description it might well be impossible to prepare for a defense, inasmuch as tbe prosecution could confront tbe defendant upon tbe trial with proof of possession of any one or more of an almost indefinite number of tools or implements. This tbe law did not intend, and will not tolerate. Moreover, tbe accused is entitled to bave tbe charge of tbe indictment Specific and certain to tbe end that, whether convicted or acquitted, he may not again be made subject to a second indictment based upon tbe facts of the offense first charged. We are aware that there are cases where indictments charging an offense in tbe language of tbe statute bave been unheld. But all such will be found to be cases where tbe language of the statute used concretely was sufficient of itself Ho point out with particularity tbe offense intended to be charged; in other words, no further description was needed to advise tbe accused of tbe precise nature and character of tbe crime for tbe commission of which be was called to answer. Of sucb cases are tbe following, cited by counsel for the State: State v. Shaw, 35 Iowa, 575; State v. Smith, 46 Iowa, 670; State v. Whalen, 98 Iowa, 662. So, too, there are cases where some laxity in tbe requirement of the — 623 — rule bas been acquiesced in, if not approved, because of tbe demands of decency, etc.; but of these there can be no occasion to speak further. We conclude that, as the indictment did not designate the tools and implements found in possession, a particular crime distinct from any other was not charged, and the motion in arrest should have been sustained. Accordingly the judgment must be and it is reversed.