Milburn v. East

McClain, J. 'Priscilla Emerson died, in 1898, having been for several years a widow. She left surviving ber, as heirs, Lorena May East and John Ilerscbel East, the children of ber deceased daughter, Eva May East, and ber surviving husband, John II. East, who is also a defendant in this action. In 1899 plaintiff was appointed administrator of tbe estate of Priscilla Emerson, and served due notice of bis appointment. Within 12 months, claims to tbe amount of $1,200 were filed, proven and allowed against tbe estate. Put the personal property was of small amount, and- insufficient to pay tbe costs of administration. Not until June, 1902, was any real property discovered belonging to Mrs. Emerson; but at that time tbe administrator learned that there was a deed in tbe possession of John P. Duncombe, who bad been tbe attorney for Mrs. Emerson, purporting to convey to ber from ber daughter Eva May East the real property involved in this proceeding. Tbe administrator then petitioned to have said property sold for tbe payment of claims allowed against the estate. This property bad been conveyed by Mrs. Emerson [103] to her daughter, Mrs. East, by deed duly recorded, and the deed of reconveyance bore date February 1, 1894, and was not recorded. The evidence shows, however, without conflict, that this deed was delivered for Mrs. East to Mrs. Emerson on the day of its execution, and that it was subsequently by Mrs. Emerson placed in the hands of Duncombe as her attorney. During Duncombe’s lifetime he stated that he held such a deed for Mrs. Emerson, and after his death it was found among other papers which had been held by him for her. There is no evidence that the delivery of the deed to Mrs. Emerson was coupled with any -condition, or that it was placed in the hands of Duncombe to be held in escrow, or otherwise, save as an instrument fully executed and delivered to Mrs. Emerson, Title to the land in controversy in Mrs. Emerson was therefore fully made out, and we cannot indulge in any surmises or conjectures as to possible conditions which would defeat the conveyance of the title which the instrument thus executed and delivered puiports to convey. The evidence of the deed itself is, however, corroborated by proof that taxes were subsequently paid by Mbs. Emerson, and that another parcel of real property conveyed, by Mrs. East to Mrs. Emerson by another deed of the same date, and also remaining unrecorded, was subsequently, by recorded deed, conveyed by Mrs. Emerson to Mrs. East. There is also proof of declarations made by Mrs. Emerson as to her ownership of the property. 1- deScedents?s adjudication. It is contended, however, for appellants, that there was an adjudication during Mrs. Emerson’s life that the property belonged to Mrs. East. The proceedings relied upon were as follows: George W. Hewitt, having been appointed administrator of the estate ^ ]y[rs> [East while Mrs. Emerson was still living, made application to the probate court for an order on Mrs.. Emerson, requiring her to appear and show cause why she should not deliver to said ad [104] ministrator a certain lease and certain notes which had been executed to her in connection with the rental of the premises in controversy, the allegation being that Mrs. Emerson had acted in the renting of such premises as the agent of Mrs. East. In this proceeding Mrs. Emerson made answer that she claimed the lease and notes by virtue 'of an interest in the property. Subsequently, Mrs. Emerson not, appearing further in person or by attorney, the judge entered an order in probate directing Hewitt, as administrator, to retain the rent notes and treat them as a part of the estate of Mrs. East. But no order was made with reference to the lease itself. The claim is that this constituted an adjudication of title in Mrs. East conclusive on Mrs. Emerson, and counsel have gone into an elaborate discussion of the doctrine of res adjudicada. We think it sufficient, however, to say that the order of the probate court in the proceedings instituted by Hewitt, as administrator of Mrs. East, could not' constitute an adjudication of the title as against Mrs. Emerson, for the following reasons: Eirst, because the probate court had no authority in that proceeding to determine the title to the real estate, for Hewitt, as administrator, had no interest in the real estate of Mrs. East which he was seeking to assert in that proceeding; and, second, because the court made no determination^ -as to the title to the real estate, but only as to the title to the rent notes. It is said that the title to the real estate was collaterally involved, for, if it belonged to Mrs. East, that would bo a reason why the notes belonged to her estate; while, on the other hand, if it belonged to Mrs. Emerson, the notes would not belong to the estate of Mrs. East. But there may have been other reasons why Mrs. East’s estate was entitled to the possession and proceeds of the rent notes, and, however that may be, Mrs. Emerson did not put in issue, nor contest in the probate court, the title of Mrs. East to the property, by asserting and insisting upon title in herself as a reason why the notes did not belong to Mrs. East’s [105] estate. As already stated, Mrs. Emerson-, after making answer in the proceedings for the discovery of property of Mrs. East’s estate, as authorized under thó provisions of Code, section 3315, took no further part in the proceedings, and cannot be bound by the adjudication of the probate court as to a matter which was not by her made an issue therein. We reach the conclusion that the order of the probate court in the administration of the estate of Mrs. East did not constitute an adjudication binding on Mrs. Emerson as to the title to this property. 2. Same. Another sufficient reason for holding that the order of the probate court in the administration of the estate of Mrs. East was not an adjudication as to the title of the property ■ as against Mrs. Emerson is that the proceeding , 1 . S was not between the parties who are at issue in the present proceeding. Mrs. East, having died before the death of Mrs. Emerson, the title of the property in question was either in Mrs. Emerson- or in the defendants in the present suit. Hewitt, as administrator óf Mrs. East’s estate, did not represent these defendants. His contention is, however, that under Code, section 3333, he represented and acted for these defendants, who are nonresidents, with reference to the rents and profits of this real estate as belonging to them. B-ut the order of the court, made on his application, was that the rent notes should be disposed of by him as belonging to Mrs. East’s estate; and no reference whatever was made to the interests of these defendants, and there was therefore no adjudication, so far as these defendants were concerned, in that proceeding. It is clear,'therefore, that that .adjudication, whatever it may have been, was not an adjudication as between the parties to the present controversy. [106] 3. Order for sale of real ESTATE. [105] It is further contended for appellants that on this application to sell real estate the fact of the existence of valid claims against the estate of Mrs. Emerson should have been affirmatively established by the administrator asking to have this real estate subjected to the payment of such claims. [106] We find no such requirement in our statute. Code, section 3323, provides that: “If the personal effects are found inadequate to satisfy the debts and x n i charges, a sufficient portion of the real estate may be ordered sold or mortgaged for that purpose, application therefor being made in the court granting administration, and only after a full statement of all the claims against the estate, and after rendering a full account of the disposition made of the personal estate.” It is, of course, true that the heirs entitled to the real estate, not being parties to any proceeding for the allowance of claims against the estate, are not bound by such allowance. But, for that matter, the persons entitled to share in the distribution of personalty, and who are by our rules of descent the persons who. inherit the real property, are not necessary parties to the proceeding for the allowance of claims. They may by proper steps resist the allowance, and the same opportunity is open to them, so far as'it may be anticipated that such, claims may subsequently be enforced against the real estate. Perhaps it may be said that as to the distribution of the personal estate they are directly represented by the administrator, but that as to the liability of the real estate there is no such representation. However this may be, they are not bound in either case by the allowance of claims by the administrator. Although there is considerable conflict in the cases decided in other States with reference- to the effect of the ■allowance of a claim by an administrator as affording the basis on which sale of real estate may be ordered, the weight of authority seems to support the proposition that the allowance in probate is prima facie sufficient to 'authorize an order for the sale of the real estate, and that, while the heirs who are parties to the proceedings for the sale of real estate may on the hearing contest the validity of the claims already allowed in a proceeding to which they were not parties, yet it is not incumbent on the administrator to proceed in the [107] first instance to prove up the claims for the payment of which he asks that real estate be sold. To cast any such burden upon him would be manifestly unjust. He is not the claimant, but is simply proceeding, in the administration of his office, to secure assets with which to pay claims • which the court may have already directed should be paid. As supporting the rule that the allowance of the claims by the probate court is sufficient prima facie as against the heirs to authorize an order for the sale of real estate, see Hopkins v. Stout, 69 Ky. 375; Steele v. Lineberger, 59 Pa. 308; Mason v. Bair, 33 Ill. 194; Stone v. Wood, 16 Ill. 177; Beckett v. Selover, 7 Cal. 215, 228 (68 Am. Dec. 237); 2 Woerner, Administration, section 466. In Willett v. Malli, 65 Iowa, 675, this court has held that the allowance of the claim by the probate court is not an adjudication of its validity as against the heirs; but after referring to the cases, among those cited above, in which the allowance is held to be prima facie evidence, the court proceeds to distinguish the ease under consideration, and leaves the question open. In the present case, the allowance of the claims by the probate court was proven, and defendants made no effort whatever to disprove or impeach the claims thus allowed. We think that, after the allowance of the claims was shown, it was for the 'defendants, if they desired to question the validity of any of the claims, to at least introduce some evidence of their invalidity, and thus overcome the prime facie case mgde by proof of allowance. i. same. While the administrator in this case was appointed in 1899, the application for sale of real estate was not made until in 1902, or about three and one-half years after the appointment of the administrator. It has been field that, in the absence of peculiar circumstances excusing delay, the application should be made within the time allowed for filing and allowance of claims. McCrary v. Tasker, 41 Iowa, 255; Conger v. Cook, 56 Iowa, [108] 117. But in several eases the order allowing sale of real estate has been approved, although the delay in filing the application has been as great as in the case before us.- See Reed v. Reed, 94 Iowa, 569, and cases there cited. In the present case, it is shown that every reasonable effort was made to discover real property of Mrs. Emerson which might be subjected to the payment of claims against her estate, but without avail, by reason, of the fact) that the deeds of conveyance of this and other real property to her had not been recorded. As soon as" the administrator discovered the existence of these deeds, he proceeded with reasonable promptness, and we think the court was justified in refusing to dismiss the proceedings on the ground that it was not commenced in time. The decree of the lower court is therefore affirmed.