Heath v. Hagan

Sherwin, J. 1. False imprisonment instructions: The defendant Hagan was a police officer of Sioux City, and as such officer, he arrested the plaintiff and caused her incarceration in jail. The petition alleged that the arrest was made without authority of a warrant and while the plaintiff was peaceably and quietly attending to her own affairs, molesting no one, and creating no disturbance of any kind whatsoever. The answer is a general and specific denial, and, by way of justification, alleges that at the time of the arrest the plaintiff committed a breach of the peace of the city of Sioux City and violated the laws of the [497] State of Iowa by using loud, indecent, and abusive language and making an indecent exposure of her person in public. It is further alleged-in the answer that the plaintiff was at said time engaged in disturbing a private family, in violation of the laws of the State and, of an ordinance of 'said city. The ordinances claimed to have been violated were also specially pleaded. In instructing on the crime of an indecent exposure of the person, under section 4938 of the Code, the trial court quoted the section in full. Complaint is made of this, because the only claim of the defense and the only evidence was as to an exposure of the plaintiff’s person by permitting her dress to remain open “ in front of her waist.” There was no error in quoting the section in full. The fact that the section includes the crimes of lewd and vicious cohabitation and open and gross lewdness could not possibly have had any influence on the jury, for the sufficient reason that nothing of the kind was charged, nor was there any evidence tending to prove such action on the part of the plaintiff. 2. Same. In the seventh instruction, the jury was tojd to find for the defendant if it found that at the time of the arrest' the plaintiff had committed a public offense, or was in the act of so doing, in that she designedly made a and indecent exposure of her person, or if it was found that she was engaged in the commission of any public offense in violation of any ordinance of the city. In so far as an indecent exposure of the person was concerned, the instruction, read in connection with the one heretofore referred to, clearly called the attention of the jury to the statute covering the crime, and the fact that the rest of the instruction related solely to the violation of the ordinances of the city could not have been prejudicial to the appellants. The ordinances relied-upon as justification for the arrest were in evidence, and the attention of the jury was directed to them in the same instruction. They covered the offenses alleged to have been committed by the [498] plaintiff as completely as could any statute, and, if the jury had found the facts as claimed by the ajDpellants, there could have been no escape from the plea of justification. It was therefore unnecessary to fortify the defense by reference to the State law. 3. Breach of the peace: arrest: justification. The jury was instructed that, if the defendant Hagan, by his words or conduct, provoked the “ plaintiff to anger and caused her to talk'in a loud and excited manner, and that his words and acts were calculated so to provoke her,” so that she disturbed the peace and quiet of the people in the vicinity where they were, then he would not be justified in placing her under arrest for doing the things that his words and conduct calculated to provoke her to. The jury was told, further, that any names plaintiff may have called the appellant Hagan before and at the time of making the arrest would not of themselves justify him in making the arrest or in using force. Exception is taken to both of these instructions. Exemplary damages were not sought, and the last instruction referred to announces a well-settled rule. If the words used by the plaintiff did not amount to a breach of the peace, it is evident they could not justify an arrest. 12 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law (2d Ed.) 727; Grace v. Dempsey, 75 Wis. 313 (43 N. W. 1128); Goldsmith v. Joy, 61 Vt. 488 (17 Atl. 1010, 4 L. R. A. 500, 15 Am. St. Rep., 923). 4. Same. The other instruction immediately under consideration announces a rule which is abstractly wrong, but it was not prejudicial under the facts disclosed in the record. It cannot be said as matter of law that a ^person may breach the peace with impunity simply because some officer whose duty it is to maintain such peace has also been guilty of wrong. The law forbidding breaches of the peace and disturbances of the public quiet are for the protection and well-being of society in general, and not for the benefit of some individual member thereof. 2 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law (2d Ed.) 874; 4 Am. & Eng. Enc. of [499] Law (2d Ed.) 903; Montgomery v. Sutton, 58 Iowa, 700; Montgomery v. Sutton, 67 Iowa, 498. But in this case the record conclusively shows that 'the plaintiff had committed no breach of the peace or other offense at the time the defendant' threatened- her with arrest. Nor, indeed, can it be said .that her language or acts prior, to her arrest amounted to a breach of the peace or to a disturbance of any one. That she earnestly and with great excitement protested against the arrest, and vehemently insisted that she should not be taken to the police station, does not admit of doubt. But this was nothing more than any consciously innocent person would naturally do, and it cannot be made to justify an illegal arrest. Hence we say that the instruction was not prejudicial to the defendants, and there should be no reversal on account thereof. The instructions given by the court fairly and fully presented the defendant’s case, and there was no error in refusing those asked by them. 5. witnesses: prompting. There was no error in not requiring the witness Walrod to designate the particular questions put to the witness Jessie Wheeler, the answers to which were made in response to the nods and shakes of her sister’s head. The material question was whether the witness was thus coached while on the stand. The particular questions were wholly immaterial. We find no error for which there should be a reversal, and the judgment is therefore affirmed.