Wilson v. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Co.

Evans, C. J. The plaintiff was a tenant, from year to year, of the lands alleged to have been flooded, and had no other interest in the land, or the ownership theréof. His contention was that in June, 1905, the land occupied by him as tenant was flooded through the negligence of the defendant, and that his crops growing thereon were destroyed on certain acreage thereof. He was a tenant occupying the same land in 1906, and his crops growing on a part of the land were similarly destroyed in that year. He made no claim of injury to the land as distinguished from the injury to the growing crop. 1. Overflowed land: injury measure of damages: instructions: prejudice. The trial court instructed the jury that the measure of his damage, if any, in 1905 was the difference in the fair market value of the land overflowed, with the crops thereon, just before the overflow in 1905 -i , t hi c • u* EH Cl tHG ÍE1X HlErKGt VEÍUG t-HGrGOX ITTHTlGCll” ately after the overflow. The same measure' • ol damage was applied also to the recovery o ± ± o claimed for the year 1906. The appellant assigns error in the giving of such instruction, and contends that the rule of measure of damages adopted by the court in such instruction is not applicable to the case of a tenant from year to year. This contention is clearly correct. Blunck v. Chicago Northwestern Railway Co., 142 Iowa, 146. Appellant’s counsel concede that the instruction was erroneous. Their contention is that they opposed this rule in the trial court, and that the defendant contended for it, and that the trial court sustained the contention of the defendant, and that the defendant ought to be. required to abide now by the rule for which it contended then, regardless of its abstract incorrectness. It appears from the record that plaintiff’s petition was framed in accord with the correct rule of the measure of damage in such case. It set forth the kind of crops, and the acreage of each that was alleged to be destroyed, together with the value thereof. Plaintiff - offered evidence in — 102 — support of these allegations with much persistency, in the face of .objections urged by defendant and sustained by the court. The general ground of objection to this offered evidence was that it was immaterial, irrelevant, incompetent, and not a proper measure of damages. In one instance defendant affirmatively contended before the trial court that “the measure of damage is the difference of the value of the land in the position it was before the flood and its value after the flood.” It is clear that the trial court ought to have overruled these objections on the part of the defendant, but it solved its doubts on the question in favor of the defendant, and adopted the rule affirmatively contended for by the defendant, and, in effect, required the plaintiff to conform his evidence to that rule, or necessarily suffer a nonsuit. The plaintiff thereupon offered evidence in conformity to such rule. The defendant urged objection to this line of evidence also, but these objections were overruled, and the defendant as appellant asks a review of these later rulings, and of the instruction of the court on that question. It is clear to us that the defendant is not in a position to complaiú. of the rule adopted by the trial court under these circumstances. We have repeatedly held that an appellant may not complain of an incorrect instruction if it is in accord with a request made by appellant at the trial. In this case the defendant did not' request the particular instruction given, nor -did it request any instruction on that subject, but it did affirmatively contend for this rule, and obtained a favorable ruling from the trial court in its adoption. It cannot, on appeal, change front to meet the new necessities of the case. We base this holding upon defendant’s affirmative contention above quoted, as distinguished from its mere objections to proffered evidence. We are impressed, also, from the record that the defendant could have suffered no prejudice by this error of — 103 — the court. It appeared from a cross-examination of each witness that in making his estimates of the value of the land before and after the flood, and arriving at the difference, he took into account nothing but the value of the growing crop then on the field. The plaintiff, himself,testified that there was -no damage to the land as such, and there was no evidence to the contrary. It is manifest, therefore, that the witnesses reached the same result in their estimate, though in an irregular way, as they would have reached if they had been permitted to testify to proper details, and along correct lines. The jury had the benefit of the basis upon which their judgment was formed. True, the details of fact and data upon which the witnesses based their estimates of the value of the growing crops was lacking in large part. But this lack did not result from any failure of plaintiff to offer proof thereon. On the .contrary, defendant diligently objected to such offer, and the trial courfi erroneously sustained its objections. Upon the whole record we think it must be said that the defendant is in no position to claim prejudice. The rule which it asked for. in the presentation of evidence was consistently carried into the instructions. 2. Same: instruction: prejudice. II. The defendant took the position in the trial court that the plaintiff was not entitled to recover for alleged damages sustained in 1906, on the ground that he knew, when he planted his crops in the spring of 1906, that they would be destroyed. , . . The trial court instructed the-jury to the effect that, if it was fully evident to the plaintiff that it was useless to plant a crop upon any part of the land, because it was certain to be flooded and destroyed, then he could not recover for such part of the crop as was destroyed, unless they should find that the plaintiff had received assurances from the duly authorized agents of the defendant, before planting the crop, that the defendant company would remedy the defect which caused the flood — 104 — of the previous year. Evidence was received on behalf of plaintiff of conversations between him and the road-master, and between him and the general superintendent, and between him and the attorneys of record in this case, on that subject. Complaint is made of this evidence, and of the instruction of the court in relation thereto, because there is no proof that any of the parties named had any authority to bind the company in relation to the subject of their conversation. We have no occasion to pass upon this question. The instruction, ás it was, gave the defendant more than it was entitled to, even with the qualification of which defendant complains. There was nothing disclosed by the evidence which justified the court in giving this instruction at all. The giving of it was prejudicial to plaintiff, and not to defendant. The right of the plaintiff to recover for alleged damages suffered in 1906 rested upon the same legal rule as his right to recover damages for 1905. If plaintiff had refrained from planting any crop in the season of 1906, and no flood had afterwards overflowed the land, to whom could he look to recoup him for his loss of the use of the land? The land had never been flooded but once prior to 1905. The instruction had no basis in the evidence. It laid an undue burden on plaintiff, and was nonpre judicial to defendant. III. It is urged that the verdict is excessive. The plaintiff sued, for $780. The evidence introduced tended to sustain his claim for that amount. The verdict was for $694. This included interest for more than one year. It must be said that the amount is quite liberal, but it cannot be said that it is not fairly supported by evidence. No other errors are urged. The judgment below must therefore be affirmed.