Boone v. Boone

Weaver, J. The two actions consolidated herein were each instituted for the partition of the same lands. All parties claim under the will of Joshua Boone, deceased. There is no dispute whatever as to the interests or shares of the several parties. The simple controversy- in the court below was over the question which action was first instituted; the defendants in each instance pleading in abatement the pendency of another suit. The cases were consolidated for trial. Upon hearing all the testimony a decree for the partition of the lands was entered in the case last above entitled. It was further ordered that the action first above entitled to be abated and dismissed and judgment therein be rendered against the plaintiff for costs in the sum of $156.45. John W. Boone has appealed from that decree, or that part thereof which he specifies in his notice to be “the final decree and judgment in the district court abating and dismissing plaintiff’s action.” 1. Appeal: waiver of right: payment of costs. I. In this court the appellees have filed a motion to dismiss the appeal on the ground that since the rendition of the judgment below plaintiff has voluntarily complied therewith by paying and discharging the judgment entered against him. In support of this motion a transcript of the record in said cause is submitted, showing that on January 15, 1912, the plaintiff, John W, Boone, paid to the clerk the sum of — 286 — $156.45, “in full satisfaction of this judgment for costs.” Appellant admits his payment of the costs, but resists this motion to dismiss because: First, the payment of costs in an action begun by himself is in no sense a performance of or acquiescence in the judgment appealed from; and, second, that under our statute (Code, sections 4113, 4114) an appeal may be taken from one part of a decree while submitting to other parts thereof, and that in pursuance of that right he confined that appeal to the single provision of the decree which abates his action in favor of the one brought by the other party. We are disposed to hold with the appellant on this proposition. The great weight of authority in other states is to the effect that a party against whom a judgment has been entered may pay the same without waiving his right to appeal. This court has given adherence to the narrower rule which makes such payment a waiver unless it has been made under duress or threatened confiscation of property. But, so far as We now recall, no precedent among our decisions goes to the extent of holding that a payment of costs taxed against a party to litigation is a waiver of his right to have reviewed upon appeal any one or more of the issues which the trial court has determined. Actions are not brought simply to recover the costs which may accrue in the course of the proceedings. The taxation of costs is a mere incident to the real controversy, and within certain limits is a matter of the court’s discretion. Costs remain a personal charge or demand against the party by whom they are made, notwithstanding judgment therefor has been entered against the opposing party. If a defeated party thinks the matter of costs taxed against him of too trifling moment to quarrel over and pays them to rid himself of annoyance, we discover no good reason why he may not still prosecute an appeal for the protection of the larger interests involved in a particular issue of law or fact. State v. Martlamd, 71 Iowa, 545. See, also, Brinkerhoff v. Elliott, 43 Mo. App. 185; Champion v. Plymouth, 42 Barb. — 287 — (N. Y.) 441; Bruce v. Smith, 44 Ind. 1; Woodward v. State, 58 Neb. 598 (79 N. W. 164). The statute which permits an appeal from a part of a judgment or decree carries .with it the clear implication that he who avails himself of that right and appeals from a distinct part of an adjudication against him may conform to all other parts thereof without waiving his appeal. The motion to dismiss is overruled. 2. Actions: abatement, II. Turning now to the issues raised by the pleas in abatement, the facts seem to be as follows: Upon the death of Joshua Boone, Mr. John W. Boone, one of the devisees entitled to share in the land, employed counsel, Messrs. Bussel, Mills, and Perry, to look after and protect his interests. About the same time Mrs. Emaline Boone, another devisee, sought counsel of the firm of White & Clark. For a time there 'was some hope or expectation that an amicable partition of the property could be arranged and thus avoid the delay and expense of partition by action in court. The negotiations seeming to be unproductive of results, counsel for John W. Boone advised the beginning of partition proceedings and prepared a petition for that purpose. This petition was filed April 26, 1911, and on the following day an original notice therein was placed in the hands of the deputy sheriff, Thornton, for service. The notice being of unusual length and many copies being required, it was delivered to one Alexander for the purpose of having the copies typewritten. Whether this Was done on the deputy’s own motion or at the direction of counsel is a matter of dispute, but we think the fact is not of material importance. It appears, however, that the copies were not made and returned to the deputy until a day or two later. Service of this notice was made on several defendants at different dates beginning May 1st and ending May 27, 1911. While this was going on, something else was also happening. One of the counsel, for Emaline Boone discovered the filing of the petition to which we have referred and immediately busied himself in bringing an action of the — 288 — same nature on behalf of his client. Original notice thereof was prepared notifying the defendants therein named that the petition would be on file on or before May 5, 1911, and this notice, with an urgent request for immediate service, was on April 28, 1911, placed in the hands of the sheriff, Boss, who on the same evening served it on all the heirs and devisees entitled to share in the estate except one on whom service was completed May 10, 1911. The petition was filed May 3, 1911. There was another petition later filed to cure certain record defects in title and naming other defendants, but it appears to cut no figure in the dispute with which we have to deal. The net result of a review of the facts is that the petition in John "W. Boone’s case was first filed and the original notice therein was fifst placed in the hands of the sheriff or his deputy, but service of the original notice in the other case was first accomplished. Conceding, as we must, the truth of this statement, we have to enquire which plaintiff is entitled to insist that his action shall have preference and the other be abated. It is, of course, an elementary proposition that the court will not entertain at the same time two1 or more suits between the same parties for the settlement of the same identical right or liability, and, where such duplication or multiplication of cases is made to appear, the one which was first pending will be given preference and all others abated. Observing this conceded rule, we have first to consider and say from what date, under the practice obtaining in this state, may an action be described as “pending”? An action must, we think, be said to be pending at all times from the date of its institution or beginning until it has been adjudicated or dismissed or has been otherwise finally disposed of. In other words, when an action has once been begun, it is thereafter a “pending” action until its final disposition. What shall constitute the beginning of’ an action is, of course, a matter subject to regulation 'by statute, and our practice act is not without provision on that subject. Turning to Code, section — 289 — 3514, we find the following: “Action in a court of record shall be commenced by serving the defendant with a notice,” etc. Under this provision this court has held that, except for the purpose of avoiding a plea of the statute of limita-' tions (concerning which there is a special provision in Code, section 3450), an action is not begun by delivering a notice to the sheriff, but by service of notice actually obtained. Parkyn v. Travis, 50 Iowa, 436; Proska v. McCormick, 56 Iowa, 318; Littlejohn v. Bulles, 136 Iowa, 150. It follows, we think, that in this case John "W. Boone’s action was not pending until he secured service of notice upon the defendants entitled to share in the land, which seems not to have been accomplished until May 27, 1911, and that on said date the other action was already begun and pending upon service completed on May 10, 1911. Even if the claim were tenable that the action was pending as soon as one or more defendants were served, appellant’s action was anticipated by the earlier partial service of the notice in the action brought by Emaline Boone. The fact that the petition in the John W. Boone case was first filed is not a decisive consideration. Both petitions were filed in time, and the court in each case acquired jurisdiction of the parties in interest from the date of completed service of notice without reference to the comparative dates of filing the respective petitions. We find no authority in the statute or decisions which makes the presence of a petition on file essential to the pendency of an action in which notice has been duly served. The same statute' which makes the service of notice the beginning of an action provides for filing petition at a later date. 3 partition-parties. It is argued in behalf of appellant that the spouse of each married heir or devisee was a necessary party to the proceedings, but in no way named or brought into the action begun by Emaline Boone. The point is not well taken. While it is a frequent and'proper practice to join the spouse of a tenant in common as a party — 290 — in partition proceedings, it is well settled that such joinder is not essential to the jurisdiction of the court to proceed to a decree and sale. Williams v. Wescott, 77 Iowa, 342. Such also appears to be the implication in Code, section 4243, which provides that persons having contingent interests in the property may be made parties and their rights be protected by appropriate restrictions in the decree. See, also, Haggerty v. Wagner, 148 Ind. 625 (48 N. E. 366, 39 L. R. A. 384); Lee v. Lindell, 22 Mo. 202 (64 Am. Dec. 262); Davis v. Lang, 153 Ill. 175 (38 N. E. 635). 4. Actions: abatement: delay in serving notice: effect. Such being our view of the law, affirmance of the decree below must follow, unless we are-to say that by neglect or collusion of the sheriff the notices were not served in the order of their receipt, and that this dereliction of duty on his part should affect our , . . „ ,. , , decision oi the question we have been considering. There is much m the record to indicate that service of notice in appellee’s ease was hastened' to give it precedence over service in appellant’s case, and possibly that the sheriff was complaisantly blind to the existence of the other notice in the hands of his deputy until that end had been accomplished. But that is a question we need not discuss. The order in which the service was in fact made and the suits instituted is shown beyond reasonable doubt, and we think the court ought not and can-no;!; undertake any inquiry into the motive actuating the officer as affecting the validity and effectiveness of the service. If he in any respect violates his duty toward either party and damage arises therefrom, he may perhaps be liable to the person so injured, but it would not do to say that the jurisdiction of the court acquired by regular service of notice or writ may be divested or displaced because of the partiality or unfairness of the officer serving it. In conclusion it may not be inappropriate to say that the statute providing for the assessment of attorney’s fees in uncontested partition cases to be' taxed as costs payable — 291 — out of the property, while just in theory and usually fair in practice, not infrequently, gives rise to races or contests for first place between counsel for different parties in interest —a scramble in which one loses the prize, and usually both' lose dignity and temper, while the clients of neither gain the slightest advantage or profit, thereby. See Guinn v. Elliott, 123 Iowa, 179; Littlejohn v. Bulles, 136 Iowa, 150. This case adds another to that list which, without reflection-upon parties or counsel, we suggest ought not to be enlarged. Tuesday, June 3, 1913. For reasons already indicated, the judgment of the district court is Affirmed. Supplemental Opinion. Per Curiam. -Owing to a mistake of fact in the opinion heretofore filed a rehearing was ordered for that upon correction it was thought that possibly a different conclusion might result. It is said in that opinion that in the' action begun by John W. Boone, service of the original notice was completed May 27, 1911. It was in fact completed on the 10th of that month by personal service on Hattie Freese, a daughter of the testator, and service of the original notice in the suit of Emaline Boone was had on her the same day. On all the other parties to the respective actions for partition notices were served several days previous. The original notice in the action begun by John W. Boone had been placed in the hands of the sheriff of Clayton county for service on Hattie Freese May 5, 1911, and that in the ease begun by Emaline Boone was placed in his hands on May 8th, previous, but both were served on the same day and the record is without evidence as to which was served first. — 292 — 5. Same: time of service of notice: presumption: burden of proof. Appellant contends that the notice first received by the sheriff is presumed to have been first served, but as both notices were in his possession at the same time and his duty was to serve both immediately, we are of opinion that the facts do not justify an inference as to which was first served. The record then fails to show which of the two actions was first begun. They were tried together and as the plea in abatement is dilatory and must be strictly proven, and as the burden of proof is on the party making the plea to establish it, this defense was established in neither case. See Fowler v. Byrd, Fed. Cas. No. 4999a. 6. same : judgment: discretion. This being so, the court could not be said to have erred in entering the decree in either action. Determining in which to grant relief was purely a matter of discretion and, as there were some discrepancies in the description of the land in the petition filed by John W. Boone, which were corrected after the service of the notices by an amendment thereto, doubtless the court chose to enter the decree in the action begun by Emaline Boone, and having done so, there was no course to pursue other than to enter a dismissal in the suit begun by John W. Boone on the ground that relief had been granted. The opinion heretofore filed is adhered to and reinstated as the same conclusion is reached though on a different ground. — Affirmed.