Owen v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad

JUDGE PKYOB delivered the opiktoh of the court. The appellants, Owen and McKinney, being the owners of a valuable trotting horse, and desiring to exhibit him at the fair near Chicago, Illinois, in the month of September, in the year 1886, contracted with the appellee, the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, to carry the horse from Shelbyville, Ky., where the appellants lived, to the fair grounds at Chicago. It seems that the horse was seriously injured in taking him from the cars at the place of destination, the fair •grounds, and the appellants instituted this action against the railroad company to recover damages for the injury sustained, alleging that it resulted from an insufficient and defective chute or platform, upon which the horse was required to walk in leaving the car, and from which he fell to the ground, crippling him, as the proof conduces to show, for life. The negligence and improper conduct of the agents of the company is also alleged in compelling the agent of the appellants to take the horse from the car on to such an unsafe platform, as one of the grounds of recovery. The contract of shipment is. filed by the defendant, containing a stipulation by which it is agreed on the part of the shipper, as a condition precedent to his right of recovery for the loss or injury to stock, “Tie will give notice, in writing, of his claim thereof, to some officer of the party of the first part, or its nearest station agent, before said stock is removed from the place of destination above mentioned, or from place of delivery of the same to the party of the second part, and before such stock is mingled with other stock.” — 629 — As one of the defenses to the action, it was pleaded that this notice in writing had not been given, as provided by the contract; that the horse was delivered in good order to the agents of the plaintiff for unloading, and in [talcing the horse from the cars the plaintiffs' agents, by their negligence, and by reason of the wildness and unruliness of the horse, suffered him to jerTc, rear and fall; but he was not hurt or otherwise injured thereby. There was no denial of the alleged negligence on the part of plaintiffs’ agents in removing the horse from the car; and if this statement, by way of defense, is to be regarded as a plea of contributory negligence, the averment in this regard must stand admitted as true. The failure to give the written notice is admitted by the reply, and matters pleaded in avoidance that were deemed insufficient, or as not having been sustained by the testimony, and a non-suit ordered. It is argued by counsel for the railroad company, that if the evidence introduced was such as should have been passed on by a jury, still the answer alleging contributory neglect being undenied, the non-suit was proper, and we will, therefore, consider, first, the sufficiency of this branch of the defense. The alleged injury is said by the plaintiff to have resulted from this defective platform, that was only ten feet in width, with no support or railing on either side, and the horse, by reason of this defect, fell from the platform and was injured. In answer to this complaint, is a traverse of the facts alleged, with the averment that the horse fell by reason of the negligence of the agent of the plaintiff, but was in no manner injured. While the — 630 — agent may have been negligent, it does not appear, nor .is it alleged, that bnt for this negligence the horse would not have fallen from the platform; and all injury of any kind being denied, it seems to us the defense here interposed is not one of contributory negligence, and, therefore, no reply was required. The appellee maintains that as gross negligence is alleged against the defendant, no plea of contributory neglect will be allowed; and cases are cited arising ■under the statute authorizing the recovery of punitive damages where the life of one is lost or destroyed by .the willful neglect of another person, corporation or .company, etc. This character or degree of neglect, and the recovery under it, is the creature of the statute, and not applicable to the loss or destruction of the property of one by reason of the neglect of another. In the latter class of cases the common law rule prevails, and whatever may be the degree of neglect alleged in the petition, whether gross or ordinary, the defense of contributory neglect may be pleaded; and if it appears that the injury would not have occurred but for the negligence of the party complaining, or the defendant could not, by the exercise of ordinary care, have avoided the result of the plaintiffs 'neglect, the plea of ¡contributory neglect is made out; not so in an action to recover punitive damages under the statute, for the destruction of human life, by reason of willful neglect. In such a case, willful neglect must be established, and when made to appear, shows an absence of all care for the protection of the person whose life has been destroyed. Hie principal inquiry in this case comes from that — 631 — provision, of the contract by which notice in writing is to be given by the shipper to some officer of the company or its nearest station agent, before the stock is removed from its place of destination, of his intention to claim damages for the injury sustained. We ■do not understand this clause of the contract as exempting this railroad company from liability, where the stock it undertakes to carry is injured by its negligence or that of its employes; but by its terms the shipper agrees that if his stock is injured, he will give the notice, in writing, of his purpose to claim damages before his stock is removed from its place of destination. The company, when obtaining such a notice, will have an opportunity of investigating, at once, the cause and extent of the injury, so as to adjust the •claim, if proper; and if executed in good faith, this .Stipulation must result in a benefit to both the owner •of the stock and the carrier. It is not an unreasonable stipulation, or one that the shipper cannot, in a reasonable time, comply with. (Goggin v. Kansas Pacific Railway, 12 Kansas, 416; New Jersey Steam Nav. Co. v. Merchants’ Bank, 6 How., 344; Southern Express Co. v. Hunnicutt, 54 Miss. 566; Texas Central Railway v. Morris, 16 American and English Railroad Cases, 259.) The appellants having failed to give the notice, it follows that a recovery must be denied, unless the •company has waived the notice, or its conduct has been isuch with reference to the matter in controversy as precludes it from now setting up the want of notice as a «defense. It is insisted by the appellant that the agent of the company had notice of the injuryJat the time the acci ■ — 632 — dent happened, and, therefore, it was unnecessary to-notify that agent or any other in writing of the purpose to claim damages. We have already adjudged that this stipulation is valid, and if the mere fact of knowledge on the part of those in charge of the train of the injury to the stock is held to be sufficient, it renders this clause a nullity; for it must be assumed that when such accidents occur those in charge of the train have a knowledge of that fact, and having such knowledge in every instance, the written notice may be dispensed with and. this stipulation entirely ignored. Under the contract between the parties, the appellee undertook to deliver the horse at the Chicago fair grounds, and in order to do this the shipment had to be made after leaving the line of appellee’s road, over-the road of the J., M. & I. R. R. Co.; this latter company undertaking, so far as this case is now presented, to deliver the horse at the place of destination for theappellee, the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company. The agents and employes of the one road became-the agents and employes of the other, in so far as it affected the transportation and delivery of the horse. The horse was injured in the presence of those in charge of the train when unloading at the depot at the fair grounds, and the agent was invited to examine him at the place of the injury. In his crippled condition the horse was brought back from Chicago toShelbyville on the same line of road, and delivered at the same depot from which the horse was originally shipped, and where the owners lived. The fact of the injury and of appellants’ claim was not only known — 633 — to the officers and agents of the company, but an actual Inspection or examination of the horse made, as -the proof conduces to' show, by a surgeon, at the instance of the company, skilled in the treatment of such injuries as the horse had received. The animal was, in fact, removed by those who had him in charge when being carried to Chicago, and brought back to Shelbyville when the injury occurred, and by that same company, and returned to the owners. This was in less than one month after the injury was received; and when this action was instituted the appellee, for the first time, alleged the failure of the owner to give the written notice mentioned in the contract. It was then too late to interpose, such an objection. The opportunity was not only afforded the appellees of examining the horse, but, .after being injured, he was returned by the same company to the owner in his crippled condition, and re-delivered at the depot from which he originally started. If, therefore, the agents of the Louisville & Nashville Eailroad Company had notice of this injury and removed the horse, although at the instance of the owner, on their trains back to the owners at Shelbyville, the removal must be regarded as by the con'sent of both parties, and a waiver of the notice required by the contract. A reply, alleging this state of fact, having been filed, was a complete answer to this ground of defense. Another stipulation of the contract required the appellants or their agents to unload the stock, and it is, therefore, insisted that a delivery of the horse at the fair grounds in -the car was a compliance on the part of the company. The proof shows ‘that the cars — 634 — of the appellee, or those of its agent, ran to the fair grounds, where there was a depot at which stock was delivered. There was no obligation on the part, of the shipper, whether the destination was Chicago or the fair grounds, to provide a safe mode of delivery by having a platform suitable for the purpose of unloading stock. This obligation rested on the company, and if the agents of the company required appellants’ agent to remove the horse from the car on a dangerous platform, one not ordinarily safe for the delivery of stock, and the horse was injured thereby, the company, is responsible, although the agent of the owner may have been apprised of the danger. If the platform was one suitable for the delivery of live stock, and the injury resulted from, the negligence of the agents of the owners, the appellee can not be made to answer in damages. While this court does not adjudge as to the question of negligence on the. part, of the appellees, that being a question for another tribunal, we think it manifest that, from the testimony introduced, the issue as to negligence should have been submitted to the jury. We have failed to notice other defenses made and questions raised, and have considered only the points made in the court below, and in this court, that caused the peremptory instruction. All other questions made are left open. The judgment below is reversed, and the cause remanded., with directions to award the appellants a new trial, and for proceedings consistent with this opinion.