Wicks v. Dean

JUDGE PAYNTER delivered the opinion of the court. The appellant, Jessie Wicks, is a daughter of Josephine Dean, the issue of her marriage with one Dan Eley. She afterwards married the appellee, John Dean. Mrs. Dean is the daughter of Mrs. Sarah C. Trowell, from whom she inherited some estate. (She acquired by purchase at commissioner’s .sale (which was ordered sold in a suit to settle her mother’s estate) what is known as the “old homestead,” on Jefferson street, Paducah, Ivy., and also what is known as the Maclvnight lot. The purchase price of these lots was $2.155. A deed was made to Mrs. Dean for this property on! January 12, 1891. On January JO, 1890, there was conveyed to John and Josephine Dean what is known in this record as the Parker lot, in consideration of $1,200. On May 20, 1890, there was conveyed to them what is known as the Herndon lot, in consideration of $825. On July 24, 1890, there was conveyed to them what is known as the Spriggs' lot, in consideration, of $100. These deeds were to Dean and his wife, Josephine. They held the last three lots until June 28, 1892, when Dean and wife made a deed to James La,ng, by which they conveyed them toi him. Dang then — 72 — conveyed thie three lot® to the appellee, Jaim Dean; thus the matter stood until August 30, 1893, when Dean and wife made a deed to one Rouse,, by which they conveyed to him what is known as the “old homestead” property, and the Parker lot. Rouse then conveyed the “old homestead” property to John Dean, and afterwards (but before the death, of Mrs. Dean) conveyed the Parker lot to the appellant, Jessie Wicks. On November 18, 1893, Mr®. Dean died. It appears that Dean and wife never had any children born to them, so the MacKnight lot passed to the appellant, Jessie Wicks, by inheritance from ha1 mother. This action was instituted by the appellant, Jessie .Wicks, and her husband, toiset aside the several conveyances, by which John 'Dean wa.s vested with a title to the property described. It is alleged that all the property was paid for with the money of Mrs. Dean, and that the deeds which vested! John Dean with title to the property, were procured by fraud, coercion and undue influence. The various allegations of the petition may be thus summarized. Outside of the testimony of John Dean, the evidence is not satisfactory as to whose money paid for the various pieces of property except! it is certain that part of Mrs. Dean’s money or property did pay for the “old homestead” property, and the MacKnight property. From the view we have of the case it is not very important to know whose money was used in paying for the property. John Dean could not testify looneerning any communication which occurred between Mm and his wife during marriage.. Neither could be testify .concerning any transaction with her except for the purpose and to the extent of 'affecting one who is living, and who was over — 73 — fourteen years of age and of sound mind, and heard the statement or -was: present when such transaction took place, etc., and testified concerning it, etc. 'Section 606, Civil Code of Practice. He was a 'competent witness to prove that he had money when he was married, and continued to make money thereafter; and that he had lived economically and saved his money. It may 'be added here that he was a competent witness to prove the extent he administered morphine to his wife, and its effect upon her, as the appellant, Jessie Wicks, had testified in relation thereto- On June 28,1892, when the conveyance was1 made to Lang, Mrs. Dean, according to the deeds, owned one-half of the property. After the careful reading of tbe record, we have reached the conclusion that there is practically no evidence which tends, in the slightest degree, to show that any sort of influence, improper or otherwise, was brought to bear upon Mrs. Dean to) induce her to place the title to1 her one-half interest in the lots in her husband. This court has held in numerous eases thht the wife, her husband joining her, can convey her property to a third person with the understanding that that person convey it to the husband. If the conveyance is thus made to the husband, it is valid. The only way to set aside such a conveyance is iro show that it was procured by fraud, coercion and undue influence. (Scarborough v. Watkins, 9 B. M., 545; Willis and Wife v. Woodward, 2 Bush, 215; Todd’s Heirs v. Wickliffe, 18 B. M., 908.) The rule is also announced that the (burden is upon the party assailing the deed to establish the fad's which will justify a court in setting it aside, therefore, it may be added, at this point, that the court did not err ini ruling that the burden of proof was upon the plaintiff. — 74 — At the time the deed was made in June, 1892, to which we have alluded, Mrs. Dean was in good health. The testimony in. this record shows that she was a woman of unusual intelligence and ability; and that her husband deferred to her judgment in business affairs. The proof dhows that the. wife and husband treated each other with great affection) and consideration, -and the most pleasant relations, existed between them. It likewise shows that the mother lowed her daughter, and that 1hey maintained the affectionate relations which usually exist between mother and daughter. At the date of the deed made August 39, 1893, Mrs. Dean was suffering with an incunable disease, which her husband, knew, and it is fair to conclude from the evidence that Mrs. Dean was aware of her condition. The appellant sought to show, by testimony, that her mother’s capacity to enter into such a transaction, was impaired by the use of morphine; an’d- that it was- principally administered by the husband' to allay pain, and whilst in' that condition she was influenced by her husband to make the conveyance: -We think that the plaintiff has failed to sustain her charge in that respect. ¡While it'is true that morphine was administered to her, we are -of the -opinion that -when she made the' deed, she was in full possession of her faculties and knew1 what -she was doing, and the deed but carried out her wishes. J. Gf. Husbands prepared the deed to Rouse, -and the one from Rouse to Dean. He details in his testimony the circumstances under which the deeds were made. He was the attorney of Dean and wife, and it is claimed by reason of — 75 — that fact that his testimony is incompetent; and that he could not detail what occurred without his client’s consent. Subsection 5, section 60G, Civil Code of Practice, reads as follows: “No attorney shall testify concerning a communication made to him in his professional character by his client, or his advice thereon, without his client’s consent.” . . . Husbands testified as to what Mrs. Dean said on the occasion in question with reference to how she wanted the deeds made. The presumption is that the deeds were made as Mrs. Dean desired them to be made, therefore, Husband’s testimony was unimportant as to her directions as to how she wanted the deed made. Without stopping to inquire whether it wasi competent under the circumstances, for him to prove what she said, it was certainly competent for him to prove the condition of her mind when he was instructed to prepare the -deeds. He testified that he had known her a long time, knew her well; that she was a woman of more than ordinary intelligence and business capacity; and that her mind was in its usual condition when she consulted him in regard to writing ■the deeds. It was- competent for him to prove these facts. This court in Hall & Co. v. Renfro, 3 Met., 53, in construing the fifth subdivision of -section 670, old Civil Code of Practice, which is substantially the same as the present Code in relation to the right of attorneys to testify as to communi-cations made to them in their professional character, after •quoting the language of the Code, said that: “In all other cases, an attorney is a competent witness for -or against his client. Whether he should, or should not, testify whilst the relation subsists, is a question of professional — 76 — .propriety, wbicb be alone is to determine for himself, and. with wbicb tbe court has no concern.” Tbe facts wbicb we have just detailed to which the attorney testified, were not communications made to him by bis client, so under1 the plain provisions of tbe Code, it was not incompetent. Tbe plaintiff moved to exclude all tbe evidence of Husbands, tbe court overruled tbe motion. Even if there was some part of Husbands’ testimony wbicb was not admissible, tbe court properly overruled tbe motion because part of bis testimony, as we have indicated, is clearly competent. Tbe knowledge be possessed with reference to tbe mental condition of /Mrs. Dean, is not a communication from bis client much less a privileged one. A motion was also made to exclude all tbe evidence of John Dean because be was tbe husband of Josephine Dean. Without going into detail as to wbat part of bis testimony was competent and wbat was not, it is sufficient to say that, some of it was. The presumption should be indulged that tbe court considered only such parts of tbe evidence of Dean and Husbands as were competent. This presumption should be indulged because the bill of exceptions does not show wbat part of the deposition of Dean and Husbands- were considered by the court. The motion to exclude all of their depositions and the ruling on it, does not present tbe matter sotbe court can determine wherein tbe court erred, if at all, in attaching any importance to incompetent evidence. Besides this is a proceeding in equity, and the court in reviewing tbe judgment would consider that part of their evidence! which was competent, and determine from such part as was competent, and tbe other evidence in the case whether the judgment of the lower court was erroneous. — 77 — We have assumed that the transaction on June 28, 1892, was valid, therefore, Dean owned the Parker lot at the time the conveyance was made to Rouse. The appellant through! Rouse, obtained title to the Parker lot. She has neither offered or shown her ability to convey it to Dean; and had the! record shown that the deed of August 80, 1893, was procured under .such circumstances as would authorize thei court to set it aside, the court could d'o so only upon condition that the appellant reinvested the appellee, Dean, with the title to the Parker lot, besides there is no proof (other than that which is afforded by the recitals in deeds) that the old homestead property was of greater value than the Parker lot. We are of the opinion that the court below did not err in dismissing appellant’s petition, therefore, the judgment is affirmed.