Johnson v. Brafford

Opinion of tiie court by JUDGE O’REAR — Affirming. . Appellant filed this suit in the quarterly court, oí Jefferson county to recover $200 damages of the defendant, J. H. Brafford and “ — •— Brumfield,” so styled in the caption. The cause of action asserted in the petition was: Plaintiff alleged that J. H. Brafford had sold and assigned to him an exclusive right to sell a patented article in Jefferson county, this State. Plaintiff alleged “that after-wards the defendants J. IT. Brafford and Brumfield, as partners, in disregard of said plaintiff’s right, sold and erected the said patented article to divers and various parties,” to plaintiff’s damage as stated. Summons on this petition directed, to Jefferson county was executed on O. Brumfield by the sheriff of Jefferson county. Brumfield failed to answer, and the petition was taken as true. Brafford claims to have resided in Fayette county, and summons was served on him in Fayette county. He entered a special appearance in the Jefferson quarterly court, and moved to quash the summons that was served upon him by the sheriff of Fayette. He also filed a special demurrer to the petition on these grounds: “(1) Because the Jefferson quarterly court has no jurisdiction of the person of J. H. Brafford. (2) Because the Jefferson quarterly court has no jurisdiction of the cause of action alleged against the defendant O. Brumfield.” The quarterly court sustained,the motion and demurrer. The plaintiff failing to take other steps, the cause was dismissed as to [99] Brafford. The plaintiff appealed to the Jefferson circuit coart, which also sustained the demurrer and the motion to dismiss, and plaintiff has appealed here. The petition at best is only an attempt to recover from Brafford damages alleged to have been sustained by the plaintiff because of Brafford’s breach of a contract between him and plaintiff. Brumfield is not alleged to have been a, party to that contract; therefore, so far as this case is an action upon ihe contract, Brumfield was not properly joined as a party defendant.- This is a transitory action, and, under 'section 78 of the Civil Code of Practice, “may be brought in any county in which the defendant, or in which one of several defendants, who may be properly joined as such in the action, resides or is summoned.” Brumfield was improperly joined as a party defendant, manifestly for the purpose of conferring a jurisdiction upon the courts of Jefferson county against Brafford that the law did not authorize. The judgment quashing the service of process upon this ground was right. Basye v. Brown 78 Ky., 553. Section 113 of subsection 2 of the Civil Code of Practice allows a pleading to contain statements of as many causes oí action as there may be grounds for in behalf of the pleader. But section 85, Id., provides that several causes of action may be united only in event each affects all the parties, and the action may be brought in the same county, etc. If there is a cause of action stated at all against Brumfield, or even imperfectly stated against him, it is to recover damages because of his infringement or interference with the plaintiff’s exclusive right to manufacture and sell a patented article, under the laws of the United State®. Suits for infringements or interferences with, or to vacate, or to repeal, patents must be brought in (he United States courts. However, the State courts [100] liavo jurisdiction to enforce contracts relating; to patents, 'such as contracts to assign, or covenants contained in contracts for the use of patented articles1, as well as of actions' to recover damages for the breach of such contracts by parties thereto. Sim. Pat. Law, 240-242; Mitchell v. Tilghman, 19 Wall, 278, 22 L. Ed., 125; Billings v. Ames, 32 Mo., 272; Marsh v. Nichols, Shepard & Co., 140 U. S., 353, 11 Sup. Ct, 798, 35 L. Ed., 413. So far as the petition attempted to allege a cause of action against Bradford, it was for the breach of the contract' concerning a patent, the subject-matter oí) which action was within the jurisdiction of the Jefferson quarterly court; but, so far as the petition attempted to allege a causie of action against Brumfield, it. was, if anything, for an interference with, or infringement of, the exclusive right of an assignee of a patented article to manufacture and sell same; therefore was an act exclusively within the jurisdiction of the federal courts. In Randall v. Shropshire, 4 Metc., 327, this court held that where two or more causes of action were improperly joined under a section of the old Code (section 111, which is the same as section 83 of the present Civil Code of Practice), and service was had upon one of the defendants in the county where the action was begun, the court would not take jurisdiction under section 106 of the old Code, similar to section 78 of the present Civil Code of Practice, in a1 transitory action of defendants served out of the county, who were not proper parties to the cause of action set up against the defendants summoned in the county. So it follows that, in any view of the case, the quarterly court and the circuit eourl ruled correctly in sustaining the motion to quash the summons. The record shows that when Johnson appealed to the circuit court he caused a summons on the appeal to issue to [101] Jefferson county, in which the defendants were summoned to answer the appeal. The return of the sheriff shows that this summons was executed upon appellee Brafford by the sheriff of Jefferson county. Although it is stated m the brief of appellee that this is -an error, we must accept the record as it is for the purposes of this appeal. We are of opinion, however, that this service did not bring appellees before the court in Jefferson county, even if it had as stated, for any other purpose, cur to any other extent, than to give the Jefferson'circuit court jurisdiction to hear and determine the original controversy as it was in the Jefferson quarterly court immediately before the trial there. Although, under section 72G of the Civil Code of Practice, appeals to the circuit court from judgments of quarterly and justices courts shall be docketed and stand for trial as ordinary actions, and shall be tried anew as if no judgment had been rendered, we think that the service of the summons upon the appeal is merely an incident of the appeal, and does not affect other rights of the litigants. It brings the party upon whom it is executed before the circuit court to the extent only that he was before the court below. Section 724 of the Civil Code of Practice, directing how such appeals may be taken, says: "And the appellee shall be summoned, actually or constructively, as is provided in chapter 2 of title 4, to appear and defend the appeal.” If the judgment in this case had been in favor of the plaintiff, against the defendant, upon the record as it appeared when filed in the circuit court, and ike defendant had executed the bond, and prosecuted the appeal, as,provided in section 724, and no other steps had been taken, the court would have been compelled to adjudge the rights of the parties as based upon thie record brought up from the quarterly court. That would neces [102] sarily have been to have quashed the service' of the summons. If the, plaintiff"'then desired further steps to be taken, he would have been compelled to have had a new summons issued, and served in Jefferson county. Railroad Co. v. Sanders, 11 Ky. Law Rep., 53, a case decided by the superior court. Or, if under section 724 the summons issued upon the appeal can not be served upon the adverse party.by an actual service, it might be constructively served as provided in the Code, for constructive service upon absent defendants. Such a service, while giving the court jurisdiction of the case to adjudge the rights of the parties' according to the original record, would1 not, of course, bring the party so served before the court so as to authorize a personal judgment against him unless he had been before the court below by actual sendee or appearance, so as to justify su«-.h a judgment. We are of opinion that, when the summons upon the appeal has been served on the ■appellee, its office is fulfilled, and it can neither enlarge the rights of the litigants, nor detract from them as they stood before the service, other than to transfer to the circuit court jurisdiction of the case, and thereby suspend for the time the judgment appealed from. The correctness of this view becomes even more apparent when it is-remembered that a summons on appeal may be served in any county. Now if sendee of the summons to answer' the appeal has the effect to bring the appellee before the court for all purposes, regardless of whether he was before the court below, it would follow that one in appellee Brafford’s attitude, by the very practice indulged and condemned in this case, could be successfully sued in a county and court not authorized by the provisions of section 78 of the Civil Code of Practice. We are further of opinion that, when the lower court had jurisdiction of the subject103 matter, the appellate court (the circuit court in, this instance) might hare caused an alias summons to be issued on the petition (or statement), and served as if the case had originally been brought in such higher court. But there was no motion for alias summons in this case; consequently, it was not error for the court to dismiss the action. Judgment affirmed.