Washington Life Ins. v. Lyne

Opinion op the court by CHIEF 'JUSTICE BURNAM AiElRXrrNG. On the 14th day of April, 1884, the appellant, the Washington Life Insurance Company, insured the life of the appellee, Santford O. Lyne, in the amount of |3,000 for the sole use and benefit of his wife and surviving children, with — 164 — participation in profits. In this policy “the company agrees to pay one half the amount of said insurance, to wit: $1,500, at their office in the city of New York to the said assured, share and share alike, on the 14th day of April, 1904, or should he die before that time to pay in like manner in sixty days after due notice and satisfactory proof of his death"the sum of $3,000.00 share and share alike to the assured if alive, if not alive, to the executors or administrators of the said Santford O. Lyne.” In consideration for this policy Santford C. Lyne agreed to pay semi-annually $43.68 upon the 14th days of October and April of each year. Item second of the conditions and agreements on the back of the policy, referred to and forming paid of the policy, provides as follows: “Notwithstanding this policy shall lapse and become forfeited for the non-payment of any premium upon the day upon which the same shall fall due according to the terms thereof as hereinbefore contained, yet after the payment of three annual premiums, and plaintiff's demand- with surrender of this policy within six months after such lapse by such non-payment, this company will issue a non-participating paid up policy for as many twenty parts of the original amount hereby insured' as there shall have. been complete annual premiums paid, and the paid up insurance purchased by such surrender of this policy shall be payable at the same time and under the same conditions except as to the payment of premiums as the original policy. On the 4th of March, 1904, the appellee Santford C. Lyne, brought this suit in equity against the insurance company, in which he recited the facts detailed above, and alleged that he paid the semi-annual premiums provided for' in the policy; and in compliance with the terms thereof for 12 years, add "demanded that the defendant should issue to him-a páid-up non-pártieipá'tmg policy for $1,800, payable at hjs — 165 — death to the beneficiaries named therein in accordance with item second of the policy, and that, notwithstanding such demand, the insurance company had failed and refused to issue and deliver the policy, and prayed that they should be required to do so. The insurance company in their answer alleged that the policy became forfeited on the 14th day of April, 1896, for the non-payment of premium, and that defendant on that day and for sis months thereafter might have made demand accompanied by a surrender of the policy for a non-participating policy for twelve-twentieths of the original amount of the policy, and, if same was refused, might have enforced this demand by suit, but alleged that more than five years had elapsed from the 4th of April, 1896, when such demand might have been made and suit brought, before the institution of this action, and pleaded and relied upon ■the statute of limitations in bar of recovery. On the 2d of ■May, 1904, the plaintiff amended his original petition, joining with him as parties plaintiff his wife and surviving children, and alleged that Santford C. Lyne had survived the 14th of April, 1904, and prayed, as in their original petition, for a paid-up policy on the life of Lyne for $1,800 for the beneficiaries, or, if the court should so construe the policy, for a judgment for $900, with, interest from the 14th of April, 1904, until paid. By an amended answer, subsequently filed, the appellant withdrew so much of its original answer as admitted that under the conditions therein described the plaintiff and the beneficiaries of the policy were entitled to the non-participating policy for twelve-twentieths of the original amount of insurance, and averred that under the terms of the policy and contract sued on it agreed to pay one-half the amount of the insurance, to wit, $1,500. to the assured, namely, the wife and surviving children of Santford C. Lyne, on the 14th day of April, 1904, provided — 166 — he should pay the semi-annual premiums on the day they became due, and alleged that lie had failed to pay any premiums on the policy after the 14th of April, 1896, and in consequence thereof it became forfeited, null, and void, after October 19, 1896, and alleged that thereafter it owed the assured, to wit, the wife and children of the insured, no right or duty except to issue a non-participating paid-up policy for as many twentieth parts of the original amount of the insurance as there should have been completed annual payments, to wit, twelve twentieths, provided the assured after the payment of three annual premiums demanded such paid-up policy, and accompanied such demand with surrender of the policy within six months after lapse for nonpayment of premium; and further alleged that the assured did make application by letter of their attorney in March, 1901, for such policy, but made no surrender or offer of surrender of the old policy, and subsequently abandoned such application, or had, at any rate, failed to institute suit to enforce any rights thereunder until the present action was brought, which was nearly eight years after the time when they.might first,have demanded and sued for such policy, and pleaded and rely upon the lapse of time in bar of recovery. A general demurrer was interposed to each paragraph of the amended answer by the plaintiff, and, the case being submitted thereon, and also upon the defendant’s demurrer to the plaintiff’s petition as amended, plaintiffs’ demurrer to the answer was sustained, and defendant’s demurrer to the petition overruled, and, defendant declining to plead further, it was adjudged by the court that the plaintiffs recover of the defendant, the Washington Life Insurance Company, $900, with interest from 14th of October, 1904, and they haw appealed. The chief question to be decided upon the appeal is within — 167 — what time a suit can be brought for a paid-up policy after forfeiture for non-payment of premium. It is admitted that the demand for the paid-up policy was made within five years. The insurance company claims that, unless suit was brought within five years after the time when it might first have been brought, the action is barred, not because no demand was made, but because action was not begun. On the other hand, it is contended for the plaintiff, under the express terms of the policy and repeated 'decisions of this court, that, if demand was made during the first five years after the lapse, and before the 14th of April, 1901, the provision of the policy was complied with, and suit could have been brought at any time within fifteen years from -the 14th of April, 1896. This question has been before the court in ‘one form or another in many cases, beginning with Montgomery v. Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co., 77 Ky., 51, and was followed by Johnson v. Southern Mutual Life Ins. Co., 79 Ky., 407, 3 R., 26, and Southern Mut. Ins. Co. v. Montague, 84 Ky., 654, 8 R., 579, 2 S. W., 443, 4 Am. St. Rep., 218, in all of which it was held that “time in making demand” for the paid-up policy was> not of the essence of the contract. These decisions were disregarded in Hexter v. U. S. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 91 Ky., 356, 12 R., 921, 15 S. W., 863, and Northwestern Life Ins. Co. v. Barbour, 92 Ky., 427, 13 R., 619, 17 S. W., 796, 15 L. R. A., 449, but in Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Jarboe, 102 Ky., 80, 19 R., 1501, 42 S. W., 1097, 39 L. R. A., 504, 80 Am. St. Rep., 343, these two last cases were overruled, and the doctrine of the original cases, that time was not of the essence of thjei contract, reaffirmed. In Manhattan Life Ins. Co. v. Patterson, 60 S. W., 383, 22 Ky. Law Rep., 1287, 53 L. R. A., 378, all the preceding, cases were carefully reviewed in an elaborate opinion by — 168 — Judge .Du Relie. In that case the insured 'obtained a policy on the twenty payment life plan in November, 1887. He paid five annual premiums, and nearly five years after making default in the payment of the sixth premium applied to the company for a non-participating paid-up policy as the net reserve on the policy at the time of .the lapse would purchase as a single premium at the company’s established rate. The company, by way of defense, plead the provision of the policy that no action could be maintained, for the reason that demand for the paid-up policy was not made within twelve months after default in payment of premium. It was decided that the insured was entitled to a paid-up policy, as time of making demand was not of the essence of the contract. This holding was adhered to until Washington Life Ins. Co. v. Miles, 66 S. W., 740, 23 Ky. Law Rep., 1705, was, before the court. In that case, at the earnest demand of the insurance company that the court should establish some time at which the right to demand and receive a paid-up policy should terminate, the court said: “Taking into consideration the nature of life insurance, and all the facts and circumstances involved therein, we are of the opinion that the insured should, within five years from the time he was entitled to demand a paid-up policy, make demand, or 'that his laches in so doing should bar his right to demand, and receive same.” This rule has been followed in New York Life Ins. Co. v. Warren Deposit Bank, 75 S. W., 234, 25 Ky. Law Rep., 325; Equitable Life Assur. Soc. v. Warren Deposit Bank, 76 S. W., 391, 25 Ky. Law Rep., 839; Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. O’Neil, 76 S. W., 839, 25 Ky. Law Rep., 983; and Washington Life Ins. Co. v. Glover, 78 S. W., 146, 25 Ky. Law Rep., 1327. It is contended for the insurance company that in the two cases against the Warren Depasit Bank it ivas decided not only that demand must be — 169 — made, but it must also be accompanied by suit to. enforce the demand within five years. But the opinion in both cases shows that no demand was made within the 5 years, and that for this reason relief was denied. In both cases the decision in the Miles case is referred to and approved; In the case of the Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. O’Neil, 76 S. W., 839, 25 Ky. Law Rep., 983, it was held that no recovery could be had in a suit brought seventeen years after the lapse of the policy, but in that case no demand was proven until seven years after the lapse of the policy- Whilst we adhere to the rule laid down in the Miles case that there can be no recovery upon policies of this sort unless demand is made within five years after the forfeiture for non-payment of premium for paid-up policy, accompanied by surrender or offer to surrender the old policy, we decline to extend this doctrine further, and to require that, in addition to demand, suit to enforce compliance therewith must be actually instituted. On the contrary, we hold that, demand having been made within the prescribed time, the insured had, under the express language of the statute, fifteen year's from the time when his cause of action accrued to institute suit for relief therefor. For reasons indicated, the judgment is affirmed.