Aetna Life Ins. v. Claypool

Opinion op the Court by Judge Barker Affirming. The appellant, Aetna Life Insurance? Company of Hartford, Conn., issued to the appellee, C. C. Clay-pool, an accident policy insuring him for a term of threec. months from the 6th day of November, 1905, against the loss of life, limbs, sight, or time. The policy was .a combination accident policy, the principal sum of which was $5,000; and under its terms the appellee was insured against the loss of his life by accident in the sum of $5,000, and if he sustained an accident by which he suffered the loss of his right hand at or above the wrist he was to receive one-half of the principal sum, to wit, $2,500. There were several other indemnities set forth in the policy not necessary to be stated with particularity, among which was a weekly indemnity of $25, if by accident the insured received injuries which resulted in a total incapacity to carry on his business. During the life of this policy the appellee, after returning home from a day’s hunt, undertook to clean his gun, with the result that it was by accident fired; the load of shot being discharged into appellee’s right hand, inflicting such injury as necessitated the amputation of the whole hand at the wrist. Afterwards, having given the insurance company notice of his injury as [46] required by the terms of the policy, appellee demanded payment of the amount of insurance claimed by him under the terms of his contract for the loss of the right hand at or above the wrist, and, payment having been refused, this action was instituted to recover judgment for the amount claimed. The petition sets out the facts necessary to constitute a cause of action under the policy, and to this an answer in four paragraphs was filed by the appellant. A' general demurrer was filed to the second and fourth paragraphs of the answer by the plaintiff, with the result that the court .sustained the demurrer to the fourth paragraph and overruled it to the second. So far as the judgment sustaining the demurrer to the fourth paragraph is concerned, we deem it sufficient to say that the court was manifestly right, as the paragraph in question was wholly without merit. The first paragraph of the answer admits the execution and delivery of the policy sued on, but denied any indebtedness to plaintiff under it. In the second paragraph the defendant alleges that the policy was void because .of the false statement of the insured in the application for the policy as to the amount of his weekly earnings, having stated therein that he was earning more than $40 per week, when as a matter of fact he was earning less 'than $40. It charges that this representation was material to the risk, was relied upon by the insurer, was made for the purpose of obtaining the policy, and was false and fraudulent. The third paragraph relies upon a provision in the policy, that, if the ip jury complained of was caused by or due to unnecessary exposure to obvious risk of injury or obvious danger, the liability of the insurer would be only óne-fifth of the amount otherwise payable, to wit, $500. The paragraph con [47] tains the necessary allegations of negligence and unnecessary exposure to obvious risk to constitute, if true, a good defense to the policy, except as to the sum of $500. A reply and rejoinder completed the issues along the lines indicated.- ' After the issues were made up the defendant company tendered two amendments to its original answer, in one of which it is stated that the contract sued on is a Tennessee contract, and in the other it is stated that it is a Connecticut contract, and pleading the law in those states in bar of appellee’s claim. The court refused to permit either of these amendments to be filed, and of this ruling the defendant now complains. It seems to us that the fact as to whether the policy sued on was a Tennessee, a Connecticut, or a Kentucky contract was peculiarly within the knowledge of the company issuing it, and it was its duty to state all of its defenses at the time it filed its answer; and, as there is no suggestion in the record of any reason why the defenses sought to be set up' in the amendments were not state# in the original answer, we cannot see that the trial court abused his discretion in refusing to allow them* to be filed, tendered, as they were, long after the issues were made up, and, indeed, at least one of them was tendered pending the trial of the case, and after the evidence was all in. When the case was called for trial, so far as the pleadings were concerned, there were only two defenses available to- the appellant — that contained in the second paragraph, and that set up in the third paragraph. A trial resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff for the amount claimed in the petition, and to reverse the judgment based upon this verdict the defendant company is here on appeal. We are of the opinion that the trial court erred in [48] overruling the general demurrer to the second paragraph of the answer. The representation of the insured in regard to his weekly earnings was immaterial to the risk upon which this action was based. The policy, as said before, is a combination accident insurance policy. It insured the life of the appellant from loss by accident in the sum of $5,000. It also insured him against the accidental loss of his eyes, and the accidental loss of both hands or both feet, in the sum of $5,000, and against the accidental loss of the right hand above the wrist in the sum of $2,500. In case of accidental injury not so severe as to involve the loss of life or limb as hereinbefore set out, but sufficient to incapacitate the insured from attending to his vocation, he was to receive during the time he was totally incapacitated a weekly indemnity of $25. Now, it is manifest that the- representations in regard to th.e weekly earnings of the insured have no reference to his right to recover for the accidental loss of life or limb, for which a round sum was payable, but are only material to the question of weekly indemnity. It was to the interest of the company to remove fr-orm the insured all temptation to prolong unnecessarily his absence from his vocation under the indemnity clause of the policy, and therefore, as a business proposition, it would seek’ to limit the weekly indemnity to a sum less than the insured would make if at his business. In the case at bar the -insured was entitled, under the policy sued on, to the round sum of $2,500, but no weekly indemnity whatever. Therefore the indemnity clause of the policy has no material bearing upon the accident sued on. Certainly, if the insured had lost his life by the accidental discharge of the gun, the question of weekly indemnity would have been entirely distinct from the risk of the in [49] sured’s death; and we think that the loss of the right hand was as clearly separate from the question of weekly indemnity as would have been the loss of the insured’s life. This being true, the appellant was not, and could not have been, injured by any adverse ruling of the court on this branch of the case. Section 639, Ky. St. 1903; Provident Savings Life Assurance Society of New York v. Dees, Guardian, etc., 86 S. W. 522, 27 Ky. Law Rep. 670, 120 Ky. 285. There was, then, really but one issue to be tried — ■ whether or not the loss of the insured’s hand was the result of his unnecessary exposure of himself to an obvious danger. This question was properly submitted to the jury under the instructions of the court, and they found adversely to the appellant. The question was an eminently appropriate one for the jury to determine, and it is not our province to set aside their verdict under the facts of this case. Undoubtedly the testimony discloses, a state of facts which would have authorized. the jury to reach the opposite conclusion1, and, if they had, we should have' declined to disturb their verdict; but it is equally true that there was sufficient evidence for the conclusion reached by the jury, and we therefore leave the verdict as it is. Viewing the whole case, we are of opinion that appellant has no substantial complaint either of the verdict of the jury or the ruling's of the court. Therefore the judgment is affirmed.