Commonwealth v. C. & O. Ry. Co.

Opinion op the Court by Judge Nunn Reversing. This appeal is from a judgment sustaining a .demurrer to and dismissing the following indictment (omitting the formal parts): “The grand jury of Clark county, in the name and by the authority of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, accuse the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company of the offense or suffering a nuisance committed as follows, viz: That the said Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company on the 12th day of September, 1907, in the county aforesaid, and at a time other than mentioned in indictment No. 1 and-within twelve months before the finding of this indictment, it, the said Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company; being a corporation incorporated under the laws of the state of Virginia, and owning and operating a railroad in and. through-the county of Clark and — 751 — the city of Winchester, in said county, did unlawfully and wilfully suffer and permit its cars attached to passenger and freight trains belonging to said railway company to be placed on and across Main street, in the city of Winchester, Kentucky, it, the said Main street, being then a public highway, and did suffer and permit said cars to be and remain on and across said Main street for an unreasonable length of time, thereby obstructing said street, and rendering travel along said street dangerous and unsafe, to the common xmisance of all the citizens of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and especially to persons living on and in the neighborhood of said street and passing and re-passing along same, against the peace and dignity of •the Commonwealth of Kentucky.” The defendant (appellee) moved the court to require the Commonwealth to make the indictment more definite, so as to show the day and time of day, the character of train, and the direction in which the train was headed which obstructed Main street, as alleged therein. The court sustained this motion. The Comonwealth’s attorney filed.a statement as follows: “The undersigned states that he is unable to give the time of the committing of the alleged nuisance as mentioned in indictment No. 2 against the- Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company more definite than that it was only three or four days before the 12th day of September, 1907.” The defendant (appellee) filed a demurrer to this statement, which the court sustained, and entered the following order: “The attorney for the Commonwealth declines to make the statement more definite, and, the court being of the opinion that the defendant is entitled to a more definite statement in order to be able to defend this case, it is now ordered that the indictment herein be dismissed, to which ruling the Com — 752 — monwealth objects .and excepts, and'prays an appeal to the. Court of Appeals, which is granted.”- The only questions involved on this appeal are the suffi-ciency of the indictment, and whether the court, in its discretion, should have granted appellee’s motion for a bill of particulars. Section 124 of the Criminal Code of Practice provides: “The indictment must be direct and certain as regards: (1) The party charged. (2) The offense charged. (3) The county in which the offense was committed. (4) The particular circumstances of the offense charged, if they be necessary to constitute a complete offense.” The indictment under consideration meets the requirements of this section. The party charged with committing the offense is specifically named; and it is charged that the defendant had suffered and permitted its ears to be and remain on and across Main street, and rendered the travel along the street dangerous, to the common.nuisance, etc. The offense was alleged to have been committed in Clark county and in the city of Winchester. There were nó other circumstances necessary to be alleged to constitute a complete offense. The suffering and'permitting cars to remain across Main street^ which obstructed travel thereon, completed the offense. The Commonwealth was not required to state in the indictment the particular day or the time of day, or the character of the train, or the direction in which the train was headed which obstructed the street. To require the Commonwealth to allege and prove these particular facts and circumstances would in most cases relieve defendants from conviction for such offenses. The indictment in the case of the Louisville & Nashville R. R. Co. v. Commonwealth, 117 Ky. 350, 78 S. W. 124, 79 S. W. 275, 25 Ky. Law — 753 — Rep. 1442, 1452, was as follows: “The said Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company in the said county of Hopkins, on the 16th day of May, 1903, and on many other days before the finding of this indictment, did create, suffer, and maintain a common nuisance in the city of Earlington, Hopkins county, Kentucky, by placing and running railroad cars, flats, box ears, and steam engines, and making up trains and switching cars and changing cars unnecessarily and for unreasonable lengths of time in, on and across a public street and highway of said city of Earlington where the track and side track of said railroad company crosses said street' or highway, near said railroad company’s depot in said city, thereby obstructing said public street and highway for unreasonable lengths of time, and causing the people who pass over and drive teams over said public street and highway great inconvenience and trouble and delays, and making and causing said street and highway at said crossing to be dangerous and unsafe to all people traveling along same, and to the common nuisance of all the people of the Commonwealth.” The defendant in that case was convicted, and on appeal the case was reversed because the indictment was defective, in that it failed to name the street of- Earlington which was obstructed. The indictment in that case was equally as indefinite in the matters referred to as the indictment in this case; but the defect for which the case was reversed is not in the indictment- before us, for it is charged that the obstruction was of Main street in the city of Winchester, Clark county, Ky. ' In the case of C. & O. Ry. Co. v. Commonwealth, 88 Ky. 370, 11 S. W. 87, 10 Ky. Law Rep. 919, two indictments were found against defendant on the same day charging it with obstructing a certain road with — 754 — its cars. Each charged that the offense was committed at the same time, substantially in the same language. The defendant was acquitted under one of the indictments, and, being placed on trial under the other, pleaded the judgment in the former case in bar. It was held that the judgment under the first indictment was not a bar to a proceeding under the second, unless the same obstruction which was relied on in the second case was proven or attempted to be proven in the first case. The court said: “It is true 'the indictments were found upon the same day; they were for the same character of offense; they covered the same period of time, because the statutory limitation under our law to such a prosecution is one year; but the time named in them as being that when the offense was committed was not material, and each obstruction was a distinct offense. The State was not confined to any particular time, but had the right to show that the appellant had so offended at any time within a year previous to the finding of the indictment. This being so, a conviction or acquittal would not ipso facto bar another indictment found at the same time and charging the same character of offense. Whether the same act was proven or attempted to be proven upon the trial of the other one would be a question of fact; and the first trial would only be a bar to a further prosecution for such offenses as were then proven or attempted to be proven.. This would, of course, have to be shown by extrinsic evidence.” In the same opinion the court further said: “In this character of case the State could, upon the trial of one indictment, select one particular act or offense and proceed for it; and under the other indictment, although found at the same time, it. could prove a different one.” This was — 755 — quoted with approval in the case supra. See, also the case of Illinois Central R. R. Co. v. Commonwealth, 104 Ky. 364, 47 S. W. 255, 20 Ky. Law Rep. 748, 990. The indictment therein was very similar to the indictment in the cáse at bar. The court held the indictment in that case sufficient, except that it was not alleged whether the obstruction was within the city limits or not. The indictment in the case at bar is not defective in this respect. These cases are conclusive of the first question under consideration. The remaining question is: Did the court err in requiring the Commonwealth to file a bill of particulars? This practice has not been usually resorted to in this State, but it is authorized in certain cases by .1 Bishop on Criminal Procedure, section 643, which is as follows “An indictment which the court cannot pronounce ill may still be deemed wanting in detail of which the defendant is justly entitled to be informed before trial. In such a case the judge, if applied'to, orders a written specification of the things, called sometimes a “bill of the particulars,” to be filed with the papers in the cause; and, on the'trial restricts the prosecuting officer in his evidence to the items therein set down. The application for it is addressed solely to the discretion of the court. 'Hence its decision thereon is not generally subject to revision by a higher tribunal.” See, also, the case of Bogard v. Illinois Central R. R. Co., 116 Ky. 429, 76 S. W. 170, wherein this court quoted with approval from the case of Tilton v. Beecher, 59 N. Y. 176, 17 Am. Rep. 337, in part, as follows; “ ’A-bill of particulars is appropriate in-all descriptions-of actions where the circumstances are such that' justice- demands that á party should bemppris'ed of'the matters for which-he is .to be put for trial‘with greater1, particularity-than; — 756 — is required by the rule of pleading. They have been ordered in actions of libel, escape, trespass, trover, and ejectment, and even in criminal cases, on an indictment for nuisance, ’ etc., and concludes as follows: ‘A reference to a few of the authorities upon which these decisions were founded will show that in almost every kind of case in which the defendant can satisfy the court that it is necessary to a fair trial that he should be apprised beforehand of the particulars of the charge which he is expected to meet the court has authority to compel the adverse party to specify those particulars so far as in his power.’ ” In 3 E. of P. & Pr. 517, the author says: “There is no inflexible rule as to the class of cases in which a bill of particulars will be granted, but it rests within the sound judicial discretion of the court, to be exercised only in furtherance of justice. But the rule is equally well established that a party will not be obliged to furnish facts already known to his adversary, nor when the means of ascertaining the facts are equally accessible to both parties.”- In the case before us, appellee was indicted for a nuisance created by leaving its train of cars across a main street in a town. The affidavit filed by appellee with its motion for a bill of particulars stated that within a year before the finding of this indictment and the other referred to appellee ran a number of trains each day over and across said Main street, and that unless the defendant is informed as to the day and time of day when the alleged obstruction- occurred, and the train which obstructed the ■street is described, it cannot properly make a defense. We realize under the circumstances, the necessity for a bill of particulars in this case. Appellee had another indictment pending against it for a similar offense, and many trains had been run over and across — 757 — this street within the year preceding the finding of the indictment. It was reasonably certain that appellee could not know in advance what particular offense or act would be relied upon by the Commonwealth in making out a case' against it, as the Commonwealth had a right to prove any act of obstructing Main street within a year nest preceding the finding of the indictment, and the court did not abuse its discretion in sustaining the motion for a bill of particulars. The court, however, should not have required the prosecuting attorney to respond to this motion until the Commonwealth had obtained the presence of its witnesses, from whom it could ascertain the particular facts to, be relied upon by it in the prosecution. The law does not require the prosecution to give facts which are within the knowledge of the other party, nor to' give the particular hour, or day or even week in which the offense was committed, nor the particular train or number of it, unless the witness can remember same. The law only requires an honest effort, on the part of the prosecution, to obtain and give to the defendant all the necessary information that it reasonably can, to enable it to know, as far as possible, the particular act or acts relied upon by the prosecution for a conviction. For these reasons, the judgment of the lower court •is reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent herewith.