Standard Oil Co. v. Marlow

[2] OPINION OF THE COURT BY WlLLIAM ROGERS CLAY, Commissioner Reversing. Joe E. Marlow, an infant, sning by Ms next friend, brought this action against tbe Standard Oil Company and its manager, William Ubl, to recover damages for personal injuries. On tbe first trial of tbe case he recovered a verdict and judgment against tbe Standard Oil Company for $3,500, and against William Uhl for $500.00. On appeal to this court tbe judgment was reversed for errors in tbe instructions.' Standard Oil Co., &c. v. Marlow, 150 Ky., 647. On tbe return of the case another trial was bad which resulted in a verdict and judgment against tbe Standard Oil Company for $5,000, and against its co-defendant, William Ubl, for $1,000. Tbe Standard Oil Company appeals. On tbe second trial several witnesses testified to certain admissions of Ubl made a day or two after tbe accident which tended to show negligence on bis part. As these admissions were not a part of tbe res gestae tbe trial court admonished tbe jury that they could not be considered in determining the liability of tbe Standard Oil Company. Counsel for tbe Standard Oil Company offered instructions as follows: “A. In determining tbe question as to whether defendant Ubl told Cox and Marlow when they quit painting barrels to wash their bands and clothes in gasoline and burn tbe gasoline, if dirty, in tbe street, as referred to in instruction No. 1, you will not consider any evidence introduced by plaintiff tending to show that in conversations by Ubl with other parties during tbe night after tbe accident said Ubl either admitted or said be bad so told said Cox and Marlow, and unless you believe from tbe evidence independent of such alleged admission or conversation that Ubl did so tell or instruct Cox and Marlow, you will find for defendant, Standard Oil Company. “B. If you shall find for plaintiff at all you may find against or in favor of either of tbe defendants, and if you shall find against both of tbe defendants you may say in your verdict bow much of your finding shall be paid by each of tbe defendants.” It is insisted that tbe court erred in refusing to give one or tbe other of tbe offered instructions or an instruction similar in effect. In support of this proposition counsel relies on tbe case of C., N. O. & T. P. Ry. [3] Co. v. Cook’s Admr., 113 Ky., 161. where an action for.damages was brought against the railroad and its engineer. It appears that some time after the accident the engineer made certain admissions which the conrt held were competent against him, bnt were not competent against the company, as they were not part of the res gestae. At the time the evidence was received the conrt admonished the jury that the evidence was not competent against the company, bnt was competent only against the engineer. The only instruction given by the conrt required the jury, if they believed that the engineer was negligent, to find against both him and the company. The conrt held that the admonition of the conrt that the evidence complained of was not competent against the company was rendered of no effect hy the instruction given, which required a finding against both defendants if they believed the engineer was guilty of negligence. The conrt said: “The effect of the instruction was, therefore, to deny the company all benefit from the exclusion of this evidence as to it, and place it in the same position it would have occupied if that ruling had not been made.” On the first trial of the case the court gave to the jury six instructions which were offered by the plaintiff, and one instruction which was offered by the defendant. Instruction No. 1 authorized a finding against defendant, Standard Oil Company, if they believed that Uhl or Cox, a painter, employed by Uhl, was negligent: Instruction No. 2 authorized a finding against both defendants if they believed that Uhl was negligent. .Instruction No. 3 prescribed the measure of damages. Instruction No. 4 defined gross negligence. Instruction No. 5 defined ordinary care. Instruction No. 6 covered the question of contributory negligence. Instruction T), which was the 7th instruction, was as follows: “If you shall find for plaintiff at all you may find' against or in favor of either of the defendants, and if you shall, find against both of the defendants you may say in your verdict how much of your finding shall be paid by each of the defendants.” In the opinion on the first appeal the court did not set forth all the instructions given, but set forth instructions 1, 2 and 3. Instruction No. 1 was held erroneous because neither Uhl nor the company was responsible for the action of Cox, who was not their agent. Instruction No. 2 was modified in certain respects and directed to be [4] given on another trial. It was further held that no instruction on gross negligence should he given. The court also said that a certain instruction offered by defendant should have been given. The court did not criticise instruction D, or direct that it should not be given. -The court did not say that on another trial the trial court should have instructed the jury as follows, and then set out the instructions to be given. It did not in terms or by implication say that the instructions considered by the court were all the instructions that should be given on the next trial. It is well settled that where the instructions given on a trial are before this court and not criticised, they are tacitly approved, and become the law of the case. Louisville & A. R. Co. v. Cox’s Admr., 125 S. W., 1056. As instruction D, authorizing a finding against either of the defendants or both, was not criticized on the former appeal, but was tacitly approved, it became a part of the law of the case, and should have been given either in that form or in a form that would not have materially changed the effect thereof. If it were not the rule that an instruction not criticised, but tacitly approved on a former appeal should be given, then the trial court in this instance would not have been justified in giving instructions defining ordinary care and contributory negligence, given on the first trial. As the court on the first appeal considered only certain instructions, and did not say that they were all the instructions to be given on the next trial, the trial court was not precluded by the former opinion from giving instruction A offered by the defendant, or one similar in effect. Instruction D was asked on the first trial by the defendants, and was given on their motion. They appealed. There was no complaint on that appeal of the instructions which had been given on their motion, and the attention of the court was not directed to them. When this court indicated errors in certain instructions which were there complained of, the lower court was not precluded from giving on the return of the case a proper instruction on another subject which had been covered by an instruction given on the other trial and not criticised in the opinion. That the action was prejudicial there can be no doubt, for the admonition of the court that Uhl’s admissions were not competent against the Standard Oil Company was rendered of no effect by the instruction of the court which required a finding against both defendants if the jury believed that Uhl [5] was negligent. A reversal of the case, therefore, cannot he avoided unless the well established rule laid down in C., N. O. & T. P. Ry. Co. v. Cook’s Admr., supra, he disregarded. The trial court should not have permitted plaintiff to prove that Uhl, a short time before the accident to plaintiff, attempted to hire a hoy by the name of Hughes to assist Cox in painting the barrels. This evidence introduced an issue entirely foreign to the case. The effort to employ Hughes has no bearing on the employment of Marlow or defendant’s knowledge that he was engaged in assisting Cox. The fact that an effort was made to employ one boy does not tend to show that Uhl employed plaintiff or knew that he was engaged in assisting Cox. In view of the foregoing, we deem it unnecessary to determine whether or not the verdict is excessive. In view of the fact that instruction A offered by the defendant on the last trial more clearly presents defendant’s case with respect to the admissions of Uhl, the court will give that instruction instead of instruction B. It will also give the same instructions given on the second trial. Judgment reversed and cause remanded for new trial consistent with this opinion. Whole court sitting, Judge Nunn dissenting.