Milliken v. Roger

PROVOSTY, J. [1] In this case, a sugar plantation having been seized and sold in foreclosure of a mortgage, the mortgage debtor claims, by way of intervention and third opposition, $2,000 out of the price of the sale as a homestead by reason of his having a daughter dependent upon him for support. His wife was living at the time the mortgage was given; and this property belonged to the community of acquets and gains existing between them. At the time the seizure was made, however, she had died, and the property belonged in indivisión to her heirs and opponent. Plaintiffs invoke the principle that the homestead right is not allowed upon property held in indivisión. In Maxwell v. Roach, 106 La. 123, 30 South. 251, and Harrelson v. Webb, 124 La. 1013, 50 South. 883, 134 Am. St. Rep. 529. this was held not to apply in a case of this kind where the indivisión has been brought about by the death of one of the spouses. [2] Plaintiffs also deny that the third opponent’s daughter is dependent upon him for support. The question is one purely of fact; and the only testimony bearing upon it is that of third opponent, as follows: “My daughter is 34 years old. She is unable to perform clerical work, and cannot do anything to earn her living, and depends entirely upon me for support. She is very delicate in health.” We agree with the learned trial judge that this evidence shows the dependence of the daughter. [3] The seizure was made at the end of the year 1914, and included the corn and hay produced on the plantation in that year. The overseer and assistant overseer of the plantation for that year filed third oppositions, claiming a privilege superior to the mortgage upon this corn and hay for a balance due them on their salaries of the year. This com and hay was the corn and hay needed for feeding to the stock on the plantation for making the crop of the next year on the plantation, or, in other words, for keeping the plantation agoing. Such being the ease, this corn and hay is not liable to. the privilege of the third opponents. Citizens’ Bank v. Wiltz, 31 La. Ann. 244; Dunlap v. Berthelot, 122 La. 531, 47 South. 882. Those were cases involving the privilege of the furnisher of supplies, but the principle [827] involved is the same. It is that the privilege affects only the merchantable part of the crop; not that part needing to be retained on the plantation to keep it agoing. [4] Prior to the seizure the opponents had caused this corn and hay to be sequestered, and had obtained a judgment maintaining the sequestration, and their contention is that, as an effect of this sequestration, the said com and hay were separated from the plantation, so that they ceased to be immovables by destination thereon, and, as such, protected from seizure separately from it, and became simply ordinary movables liable to seizure. Plaintiffs were not parties to the sequestration suit, and hence are not affected by anything that was done in it. So far as they are concerned, that suit is nonexistent. The learned counsel for opponents say in their brief that the sequestration separated these things from the plantation as effectually as if they had been removed a thousand miles from it. That is true, in a sense; but there is this difference: That the thousand miles removal might have prevented the seizure of the things as integral parts of the plantation, whereas they, remaining on the plantation, were seized and sold as forming part of it. The proceeding was by executory process, and these things could not have been seized at all excex>t as forming part of the plantation; and by filing the third opposition claiming the proceeds of the sale the opponents judicially recognized the validity of all the proceedings leading up to the sale; i. e., recognized the validity of the seizure of these things under plaintiffs’ writ. Such being the case, the sole question presented is as to the existence of the alleged privilege of opponents upon these things; and the questions whether the things were or were not liable to be seized or were or were not actually seized under plaintiffs' writ do not arise. By claiming the proceeds-of the sale oi>ponent has recognized the validity of the sale. This is elementary. [5] Another opponent is Wm. H. Jeffries.. He claims a vendor’s privilege upon certain parts of machinery sold by him on a credit to the seized debtor, described as follows: “One set of housing stands, one set of stands-for crusher, one gear for crusher spur, and one-shaft and coupling for crusher.” The question is as to whether these things became incorporated into the machinery of the factory on the plantation — merged into it — so as to have become simply parts of it,, or retained their independent character. The learned trial judge thought the latter; but we cannot agree with him. His. reason was that these parts could be separated without injury to the rest of the machinery, and that, as they were of standard make, they would not thereby be converted into mere scrap iron, but could be sold for incorporation into other machinery of the same kind. This reasoning would carry us too far. It would allow the windows and doors of a house to be lifted from, their hinges, railroad rails to be removed from a railroad, any part of standard machinery, be it even a nut or a bolt, to be-removed. We think, therefore, this case must fall under the doctrine of Swoop v. St. Martin, 110 La. 237, 34 South. 426. It is significant that these things had cost the-year before $715, and brought at the sheriff’s sale $200, going to show that they had lost their character of things of commerce. The judgment appealed from is therefore affirmed, except in so far as sustaining the third opposition of Wm. H. Jeffries. In that respect it is set aside. This third opposition is dismissed at the cost of third opponent ; the costs of the appeal to be paid one-half by plaintiffs and one-half by Wm. H. Jeffries, third opponent [829] O’NIELL, J., dissents from that part of the foregoing opinion and decree denying the vendor’s lien and dismissing the third opposition of William H. Jeffries, and in other respects concurs.