Syndic of Barrett v. City of New Orleans

Voorhies, J. The City of New Orleans and the plaintiff, Eulalie Josephine Virginie Gaiennié, widow of Jacques Viator Valois, are both appellants from a judgment of the court below, rendered against them, in favor of the other plaintiff, as Syndic of the creditors of Thos. Barrett, in these two cases, consolidated by consent. On the 30th of June, 1806, Urbain Gaiennié purchased of Ma/rgues'ite Foucher, widow of Delord Saspy, a certain tract or parcel of land, divided into six lots, described as “ containing 120 feet front on Tchoupitoulas Street, 120 feet front on New Levee Street, and 360 feet deep from one to the other on Gaiennié Street, together with the right to the alluvion or batture in front thereof.” On the 20th of February, 1824, Us'bain Gaiennié sold to Constance Vvoant, f w. e., the one undivided half of this batture, describing it as “ bounded by the river, Gaiennié Street, the properties of Burthe and Feueher and New Levee Street.” The newly formed alluvion or batture extending beyond this, has given rise to the present litigation. The widow Valois claims, as one of the heirs of Urbain Gaiennié, deceased, the one undivided twelfth, and the Syndic the whole of said batture, both alleging that the same, to the extent specified in their respective petitions, is no longer necessary for the public use, and that they are entitled as owners to be putin possession thereof, as claimed by them. [106] The defendant answered in both cases, by pleading the general 'issue; that the property in litigation is a locus publicus ; and that the defendant, by actual and undisturbed possession for more than fifty years, has acquired by prescription a legal title to said property. Thus a twofold controversy is presented in these consolidated cases, one between both plaintiffs and the city, and the other between the plaintiffs themselves. The points involved in the first may be considered as settled by the decisions in the cases of Kennedy v. Municipality No. 2, 10 An., 54, and Remy v. Municipality No. 2, 11 An. 148. Touching the merits, we consider the Syndic’s demand fully sustained by the evidence. The other controversy presents the question whether Thomas Barrett, the insolvent, ever acquired any legal title to more than the undivided half of the alluvion in question. An affirmative answer to this question wo think is fairly deduciblo from the evidence in the Record. The Syndic sets forth in his petition that the insolvent purchased of Maurice Gannon, on the 2Pth of October, 1835, “the undivided half of the following property, to wit, all the right, title and interest, and that which Francois Dominique Burthe had in and to the batture in front of the lots of ground numbered one, two, three, four, five and six, situated in the Faubourg Delord, agreeably to a plan made by the City Surveyor, dated 30th March, 1832, &c; that the said lots of ground were then situated in the square bounded by Gaiennié, Susette and New Levee streets, and the public road or street next to New Levee Street and near the river, the lot No. one forming the corner of Gaiennié Street and the said public road, &c., and to the batture conveyed by Maurice Gannon to the insolvent, as above stated, situated on the other side of the Levee in front of the said six lots, and extending to the Mississippi River.” The syndic’s petition concludes with a prayer to be decreed the legal owner of the lots thus described, and of all the alluvion or batture formed in front thereof. As to the undivided half of the batture in question, the insolvent’s title, derived from Oonstance Yivant, is conceded to be valid; but as to the other undivided half, it is opposed by the plaintiff, Valois, on several grounds. After the death of Urbain Gaiennié, the executors of his last will presented, it appears, a petition to the Probate Court of the Parish and City of New Orleans, in the following words, to wit: “ The petition of K. Fauris and JJ. Gaiennié, testamentary executors of the late U. Gaiennié, further humbly sheweth: That several creditors having opposed the sales as directed by this Hon. Court, at the request of your petitioners, of the real property of said estate at one, two and three year’s credit, and desiring that the same should be sold at 6, 12 and 18 months credit, your petitioneers, to avoid law suits and difficulties, have consented to it. Wherefore they pray the order and authorization of this Hon. Court accordingly. And your petitioners further show that on the inventory of the property of said estate, a certain parcel of ground measuring --feet front on-, was inventoried and appraised in one lot. But your petitioners further show that the same was divided in twelve lots from Nos. 1 to 12, and that it becomes necessary, therefore, to have them appraised separately, and that said appraisement be made part of the original inventory. Wherefore they pray the order [107] of this Hon. Court to this effect, and that appraisers may be appointed and sworn by this Hon. Court.” The court therefore granted the following order : “ Let an appraisement of the twelve lots of ground within mentioned be made by Messrs. A. Foueher, jr., and G. Gurlie, in the presence of 3. Lmergne, Esq., Notary Public, and let the said lots of ground be sold by the Register of Wills at six, twelve and eighteen months’ credit, as within prayed for, and after the publication required by law. New Orleans, March 8, 1825. J. Pitot, Judge.” All the property of the estate of Urbain Gainnié, including the lots thus specified, appears to have been sold by the Register of Wills, on the 8th of April, 1825. The undivided moiety of a lot of ground, with the buildings thereon erected, also included in the sale, is described as situated “ on the batture of suburb Delord, measuring 120 feet front to the river, by 250 in depth, forming a rectangular parallelogram, and bounded by the. river, the property of Messrs. Burthe & Foucher, and New Levee and Gaiennié streets, &c.” In the proces-verbal of the Register of Wills, also signed by the Judge, this sale is declared to have been made on the application of the executors, “ and by virtue of a decree of the Probate Court, bearing date the 8th of March last past, and also after the publications required by law.” Subsequently, on the 28th of July, 1825, the executors passed an act of sale to Pierre Edmond Foueher as the purchaser of the undivided half of the lot of ground thus described as fronting on the river. This lot and the other property, as we infer from the petition and order of sale, which would seem to be merely supplemental, were sold for the ostensible purpose of discharging the debts of the estate. The validity of this sale, accompanied by uninterrupted possession, does not appear to have ever been previously questioned by any of the heirs. It has always been held, in setting aside an illegal sale in favor of a minor, that the vendee was entitled to be allowed whatever he had paid in discharge of the debts of the former; a fortiori, the appellant, Valois, in this case would certainly be bound for the reimbursement of the price applied to the discharge of the debts of his ancestor, before claiming the rescission of the sale, on the ground of the informalities of which she complains, if such informalities may be considered available. 6 N. S., 284; 8 N. S., 210. It appears then that the tract of land thus sold to Pierre Edmond Foueher was bounded by the river, the real boundary, and that nothing intervened worthy of being considered a fit subject for exclusive ownership, giving him consequently the right of accession, although not expressed in the adjudication of the Register of Wills, and which would have been superfluous, inasmuch as such a right existed merely by the operation of law. Neither can it be pretended, that the sale from the executors could add anything more to it than what the purchaser had already acquired under the adjudication. The law on the subject of the right of accession appears to us to be clear and free from any ambiguity. “ The accretions which are formed successively and imperceptibly to any soil situated on a shore of a river or creek, are called alluvions.” “The alluvion belongs to the owner of the soil situated on the edge of the water, whether it be a river or creek, and whether the same be navigable or not, who is bound to leave public that portion of the bank which is required [108] by law for the public use,” C. C. 501, 6 M. R. 210, 8 N. S. 576. The creditors of the insolvent Thomas Barrett, who derived his title from Pierre Edmond Voucher, are therefore entitled to the alluvion in controversy. Judgment affirmed.