The opinion of tho Court was delivered by
Bermudez, C. J.
This is an action by heirs to annul a judgment rendered against their ele cvjus, W. E. Ely, during his absence «from the State, and also to avoid the sale of his property made under it. Prayer is further made for rents and revenues and for a partition of the estate of the deceased, Mrs. Noble.
The suit is brought against the judgment creditor, Eli Noble, and the transferree thereof, Mrs. Watt, who subsequently became adjudicatee of the property.
They deny tlie pretensions of plaintiffs, aver the validity of the judgment, of tho transfer and of the sale.
The district judge recused himself and appointed an attorney to act as judge ad hoc, who rendered in favor of the plaintiffs a judgment from which the defendants appeal.
The judgment attacked was rendered on an opposed account presented in the succession of Mrs. Noble, the grandmother of the de cvjus, who was her forced heir for one-fourth of her estate, the remaining three-fourths accruing, under tho law and the will of tho testatrix, to her daughter, Mrs. Watt.
On that account the executor, who was the surviving husband of the testatrix, had placed himself as a creditor for $2400 for services rendered his wife in the administration of her property and for further sums.
In view of the absence cf the grandson Fly from the State, a curator ad hoc was appointed to represent him in the matter.
The daughter, Mrs. Watt, aud the curator ad hoc opposed the account aud specially the •items in favor of the executor.
After trial, judgment was rendered in January, 1879, in several respects, and specially recognizing-the opposed claims of the executor to the extent of 133007 4fi, with interest, one-fourth whereof, $751 82, and interest to he paid by the absentee, Fly; the remaining three670 fourths by the other heir, Mrs. Watt. An appeal from this judgment by Mrs. Watt having been abandoned and none having been taken on behalf of Ply, the judgment becoming executory, steps were taken for its enforcement against him.
The curator ad hoo originally appointed was again charged by the court with representing further the absentee.
The interest of the latter in the real property composing the succession of his grandmother, was then seized, advertised, appraised and adjudicated on July 17, 1880 to his co-heir, Mrs. Watt, to whom the executor had donated the judgment in his favor.
Numerous grounds are set forth to seek the nullity of the judgment, of the proceedings attending and following it, particularly the sale of the property.
They appear to be :
1. That the attorney appointed to represent the absent heir could not be entrusted with that duty, as he was the counsel of the other heir and has waived service of necessary proceedings.
2. That the claim of the executor and the allowance of it is illegal as prohibited.
3. That the judgment was framed so as to favor the preferred heir, to the prejudice of the absentee.
4. That the appeal taken by Mrs. Watt and the curator ad hoo was fraudulently abandoned.
5. That the curator ad hoo had interests in conflict with those of the absent heir for the collection of the fee of $100 allowed him as cost in the proceedings for his services.
6. That the appointment of the curator ad hoo was made by the district judge on suggestion, and that the district judge, who once was the counsel of the executor, should have recused himself and not acted in the matter.
7. That the proceedings were carried on with great haste and the property appraised far below its value.
8. That the property was bid in for less than the writ is credited with, and that the entire interest of Ply in his grandmother’s succession should have been seized.
We do not propose to deal with those grounds of complaint seriatim, but will consider them under four heads and substantially in the order in which they were presented in argument.
I.
The fact that the attorney appointed to represent the absentee was the counsel of the other heir, was no legal impediment. There ex
[671] isted no difference or clash of interest between the respective interest of the j>arties, save as to the proportion of inheritance, which was indisputable and undisputed. This is evidenced by the telling circumstance that the account presented by the executor and on which he had placed himself as a creditor was opposed alike in the name of the two heirs. The interest of the one was that of the other, both being concerned in resisting what they thought were unfounded claims against the estate, so as to increase the residue to be shared by them according to their respective proportion to it.
The curator ad hoc does not appear to have waived service of necessary proceedings. He acknowledged service of the petition and citation for the homologation of the account. The acknowledgment implies an admission of actual service. The opposition subsequently filed by him is in the nature of an answer and cures what irregularity, if any, existed. 2 Ann. 916.
II.
The validity of the claim set forth in the account in favor of the executor and allowed by the judgment, cannot be inquired into. The conclusion of the court on it, constitutes res judieata.
If there was error in the allowance and in the recognition of che rights set up by Mrs. Watt, the appeal taken should have been prosecuted. It was abandoned. Parties are not bound to appeal, or where they have done so, to prosecute their appeals. They have the right to waive the same and even to discontinue in the appellate court, with the consent of the appellee.
The curator ad hoc may have had good reasons not to appeal and even not to prosecute the appeal. He may have considered the claim as justly allowed and was under no personal obligation to make money advances to pursue matters further, after judgment.
The fact that a fee was allowed him for his services, is no disqualification to his representing the absentee. The law allows retribution in such cases. If such allowance could disqualify,, no absentee could then be represented by a curator ad hoc. 8 La. 47; 17 La. 425.
III.
It is immaterial that the name of the attorney to be appointed curator ud- hoc was or not suggested. The court made the appointment and this suffices.
If it be true, as charged, that the district judge should not have made the appointment of a curator ad hoc and should have recused himself as having been the executor’s counsel in the settlement of the
[672] estate of Mrs. Noble, the fact that he did not thus recuse himself, in the'absence of any founded opposition to his action, did not render him incompetent.
A judge truly becomes disqualified only when lie has been actually recused, or when he has recused himself, for cause. 2 Ann. 628; 10 Ann. 612; 34 Ann. 629.
IV.
The proceedings v ere regularly and fairly conducted by gentlemen occupying a high standing at the bar, for respectability and ability, and whose character is far above suspicion. The charges made against them are, not only not established, but disproved, and are frivolous on their face.
V.
That the writ was credited with .more than the property was bid in for, can surely be no cause of complaint. The error, if any was committed, is rather beneficial than detrimental. But there was no such error. The property was adjudicated for $917 and not $717.
The property was regularly appraised and nothing shows, if the apirraisement was for less than its real value, that it was thus appraised with any fraudulent'intent and to injure the absentee.
The interest of the absent debtor in the succession of his grand mother was of one fourth, his legitime by representation of his deceased mother. Those who now claim to be his heirs cannot be listened to complain that more was not seized than could have been. They cannot require impossibilities. The seizure and adjudication of that share passed title to it to the judgment creditor, Mrs. Watt, who must be quieted therein.
We are satisfied, as alleged by the plaintiffs, and the defendants have no interest to dispute the fact, that W. E. Fly, the absent heir, died early in February, 1882, long after his grandmother had departed this life, which she did in 1877.
The contention of the defense to ascribe the death of Fly to a date anterior to that of Mrs. Noble, rests on the principle nemo hares viventis, and vims designed to cut off the plaintiffs from the pretensions as heirs.
The first appointment of the curator ad hoe was made in 1878. It was revived or confirmed in 1880, and it continued to the consummation of the proceedings, which culminated in the sale in July 1880. 1 La. 47; 2 Ann. 1010; 13 Ann. 263.
[673] The second appointment of the same curator was a, superfluity. The proceedings were therefore against a living defendant properly represented, and they conclude him and his heirs.
The judgment complained of is erroneous.
It is therefore ordered and decreed that the judgment appealed from he. reversed;, and it is now oidered and decreed that there he judgment rejecting the demand of plaintiffs, and in favor of defendants, maintaining the judgment, proceedings and sale attacked,—the plaintiffs and appellees to pay costs in both courts.
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