In re Generic Drug Pricing Antitrust Litigation

TRANSFER ORDER Before the Panel:* Plaintiffs in nine actions pending in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania move under 28 U.S.C, § 1407 to centralize pretrial proceedings in this litigation in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. This litigation consists of the nine actions pending in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and one action pending in the District of Rhode Island, as listed on Schedule A, The Panel also has been notified of seven related actions pending in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.1 [1403] All parties support centralization, but there is some disagreement as to the transferee district. Plaintiffs in three potential tag-along actions support centralization in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.2 Common defendants Allergan pic, Impax Laboratories, Inc., The Lannett Company, Inc., Mylan Inc,, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Par Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp. also support centralization in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The plaintiff in the action pending in the District of Rhode Island suggests instead that the Panel centralize this litigation in the District of Rhode Island or, alternatively, in the District of Connecticut or the Southern District of New York. A dispute also exists with regard to the name of this MDL (and, thus, as to the scope of the litigation). Defendants ask the Panel to rename this MDL, “In re Digoxin and Doxycycline Litigation.” Moving plaintiffs (and one of the potential tag-along plaintiffs) oppose this request, arguing that they anticipate that this litigation will expand to include other generic pharmaceutical products. On the basis of the papers filed and hearing session held, we find that these actions involve common questions of fact, and that centralization in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania will serve the convenience of the parties and witnesses and promote the just and efficient conduct of this litigation. These actions share factual questions arising from allegations that defendants, all of which are manufacturers of generic pharmaceuticals, conspired to fix the prices of two such products: digoxin, which is used to treat irregular heartbeats and mild to moderate heart failure, and doxycycline, an antibiotic used to treat both humans and animals for a variety of illnesses. Plaintiffs allege that, between 2012 and 2014, the average market price for digoxin and doxycycline increased by 884% and 8,281%, respectively. Plaintiffs uniformly allege that defendants effectuated this conspiracy through direct company-to-company contacts and through joint activities undertaken through trade associations. Plaintiffs in all the actions assert similar claims for price fixing in violation of the Sherman Act and various state antitrust laws, as well as unjust enrichment, on behalf of overlapping putative nationwide classes of indirect purchasers of these drugs.3 Centralization will eliminate dupli-cative discovery; prevent inconsistent pretrial rulings, including with respect to class certification; and conserve the resources of the parties, their counsel, and the judiciary. With respect to the parties’ dispute over the name of this litigation, defendants are correct that the actions assert only claims and anticompetitive conduct as to digoxin and doxycycline. Any potential expansion of this litigation to include other pharmaceutical products is hypothetical at this point. Therefore, we will rename this litigation, “In re: Generic Digoxin and Doxy-cycline Antitrust Litigation.” If plaintiffs file an amended complaint in the transferee court that expands the litigation beyond the named products, the transferee judge [1404] may recommend to the Panel that the litigation be renamed.4 The Eastern District of Pennsylvania is the appropriate transferee district for this litigation. Nine of the ten actions on the motion (as well as all the potential tag-along actions) are pending in this district. Likewise, a majority of the defendants are either headquartered or have significant business operations in or near the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Also, the parties assert that a federal criminal investigation into defendants’ generic drug pricing practices is underway in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Thus, a significant proportion of potential witnesses and documentary evidence will be located within or near the district. All responding parties, save one plaintiff, support centralization in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, which offers a convenient and accessible forum for this litigation. Centralization in this district also allows us to assign this litigation to the Honorable Cynthia M. Rufe, an experienced jurist who will steer this litigation on a prudent course. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the action listed on Schedule A and pending outside the Eastern District of Pennsylvania is transferred to the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and, with the consent of that court, assigned to the Honorable Cynthia M. Rufe for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that MDL No. 2724 is renamed, In re: Generic Digoxin and Doxycycline Antitrust Litigation. SCHEDULE A MDL No. 2724 — IN RE: GENERIC DRUG PRICING ANTITRUST LITIGATION Eastern District of Pennsylvania INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 30 BENEFITS FUND v. LANNETT COMPANY, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-00990 NECA-IBEW WELFARE TRUST FUND v. ALLERGAN PLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-01371 TULSA FIREFIGHTERS HEALTH AND WELFARE TRUST v. ALLERGAN PLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-01388 PIPE TRADES SERVICES MN v. LANNETT COMPANY, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-01534 CARPINELLI v. LANNETT COMPANY, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-01954 FRATERNAL ORDER OF POLICE, MIAMI LODGE 20, INSURANCE TRUST FUND v. LANNETT COMPANY, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-02031 DIAMOND v. LANNETT COMPANY, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-02077 UFCW LOCAL 1600 WELFARE FUND v. ALLERGAN PLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-02169 MINNESOTA LABORERS HEALTH AND WELFARE FUND v. LANNETT COMPANY, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:16-02191 District of Rhode Island CITY OF PROVIDENCE v. ALLERGAN PLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 1:16-00214 Footnotes [*] Judge Ellen Segal Huvelle took no part in the decision of this matter. Additionally, one or more Panel members who could be members of the putative classes in this litigation have renounced their participation in these classes and have participated in this decision, [1] These and any other related actions are potential tag-along actions. See Panel Rules 1.1(h), 7.1, and 7.2. In addition, the Panel took notice of an eighth action pending in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Plumbers' Local Union No. 690 Health Plan v. Actavis Inc., et al., C.A. No. 2:16-00665, which had been related to one of the actions on the motion. Plumbers’ Local, though, involves allegations that more than sixty generic pharmaceutical manufacturers conspired to inflate the applicable wholesale price for digoxin, doxycycline, and numerous other generic pharmaceutical products in order to obtain higher reimbursement rates from insurers and government agencies. We directed the parties to address whether Plumbers' Local should be included in any centralized proceedings. All parties that addressed Plumbers’ Local, including the plaintiff and seventeen defendants in that action, opposed its inclusion in this MDL. Subsequently, the plaintiff in the action to which Plumber' Local had been related filed a "Notice of Inadvertent Listing of Related Case” with the district court. We therefore need not take any action with respect to Plumbers' Local. To the extent that Plumbers’ Local shares common allegations and claims relating to digoxin and doxycycline, informal coordination between the assigned judges and cooperation by the parties should be sufficient to eliminate any possibility of duplicative discovery, [2] Plaintiffs in another two potential tag-along actions did not respond to the motion, but filed notices of presentation or waiver of oral argument in which they indicate support for centralization in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. [3] Plaintiffs in two of the potential tag-along actions bring Sherman Act claims on behalf of putative nationwide classes of direct purchasers of digoxin and/or doxycycline. We have observed previously that, where direct and indirect purchaser actions present common factual questions of fact, centralization of both types of actions in one litigation may be appropriate. See In re Skelaxin (Metaxalone) Antitrust Litig., 856 F.Supp.2d 1350, 1341-52 (J.P.M.L.2012). [4] Similarly, should an action involving broader claims be filed outside the transferee district, the Panel will consider whether transfer as a tag-along action is appropriate at that time.