Henneky v. Stark

SUTHERLAND, J. An injunction should be awarded in this case restraining the defendant from flooding the land of the plaintiff 'with water set back from the dam maintained by defendant on Salmon creek in the town of Williamson. This creek runs through plaintiff’s farm. The dam is below, on land owned by the defendant, who is a farmer and dealer in ice. Formerly this dam furnished power for a sawmill, which it would appear has not been operated during the last 20 years, but the dam has been utilized for several years in the winter time by the defendant to form an ice pond, the defendant clos [763] ing the sluiceway and raising the dam by flushboards in November and opening the dam after the ice cutting season ends in the spring. On the plaintiff’s farm a bridge spans the creek, the approach to which is through a lane that crosses a natural depression on each side of the bridge; and, when the water backs up sufficiently from the dam, it overflows the approaches to the bridge and other land of the plaintiff. The parties have had numerous disputes over their respective rights, and some litigation had ensued when on January 28, 1909, a written contract was entered into by which the plaintiff in the following terms did— “give grant and. convey [unto the defendant] the right and privilege of flooding about one acre of land on the premises of the party of the first part * * * so that the party of the second part may maintain the ice pond as ■at present maintained, on Ms premises * * * for the term of ten years from the 20th day of November, 1909, with the privilege of five additional years, if he so desires, provided the said party of the first part is the owner of his said premises at the end of said ten years period. “Said party of the second part agrees to lower the water so that said flooding will not be continued beyond March 15th in any one year, unless weather conditions in such year prevent the harvesting of sufficient ice by said party of the second part up to that date. “Said party of the second part agrees to pay to said party of the first part the sum of $25.00 per year to be paid in advance on the 20th day of November in such year, and to permit said party of the first part to take from his ice house one ton of ice per year during said term, the said ice to be so taken ■at such times as said party of the second part shall be present at his said ice house. “Said party of the second part further agrees, to grade the lane of said party of first part the full width of the same, as it now exists, from bank to bank of the depression on each side of the bridge as it now stands to a level with said bridge. “Said party of the second part shall have the right to raise his dam so as to flood additional land of said party of the first part, provided, however, that he shall raise said lane and bridge in such event, to such a height that no part of either said lane or bridge shall be under water, and that said water •shall not extend to nor surround any of the fruit trees of said party of the first part.” [1] No time was specified in the contract when the grading should be done, but it is obvious that the defendant was bound to complete it within a reasonable time (Trustees, etc., v. City of New York, 173 N. Y. 38, 65 N. E. 853, 93 Am. St. Rep. 569), in order to minimize the damage caused to plaintiff by the exercise of the flowage privilege by giving him convenient access to each part of his farm, without being impeded by the water backing up and overflowing the approaches to the bridge. I am satisfied upon the evidence that the defendant did not do the grading of the lane within a reasonable time, and in the manner contemplated by the parties, and had not done so up to and including November 30, 1910, and that for his failure to do so no reasonable excuse has been shown. [2] November 30, 1909, plaintiff accepted $25, the amount due for the winter of 1909-10. This waived his right to then elect to end the flowing privilege for the omission up to that time to grade the lane; but the duty to complete the grading continued, and no good reason is shown why it was not done in the summer of 1910, and before November 30, 1910, when the plaintiff determined to declare the priv [764] ilege at an end. On or about that day, after the defendant had commenced to flow the land preparatory to the winter’s ice business, the plaintiff served upon the defendant a written notice that the plaintiff had elected to terminate defendant’s privilege to flow the land, because of his failure to grade the land as required by the contract, and because he had failed to pay the $25 due November 20,' 1910. The defendant then tendered the $25, which was declined by the plaintiff ; and before the commencement of this action, and early in December, 1910, the defendant, without plaintiff’s permission and against his protest, drew in stones and dirt and raised the grade of the lane to about the height of the bridge and for a width of 12 feet, which would have been a substantial compliance with the conditions of the-contract had the grading been done within a reasonable time, and before the service of the notice. Notwithstanding this, the plaintiff insisted that the flowing privilege had been forfeited, and this action has been brought to procure an injunction restraining the defendant from the further exercise of that privilege. [3] On behalf of the defendant, it is claimed that the right conferred to flow the land is an irrevocable easement, and the engagement of the defendant to pay $25 per year and grade the lane are independent covenants upon which, if broken, an action at law for damages-could be maintained, but are not conditions either precedent or subsequent, for the breach of which the easement granted to the defendant can be forfeited. The privilege conferred upon defendant appears to me to be in the nature of an intermittent easement, to be enjoyed-during certain months only each year, for a term of years. [4] On-the other hand, the defendant’s engagement to grade the lane to the-height of the bridge was something more than a mere independent covenant. It was a condition, the performance of which would materially affect the character of the servitude imposed upon plaintiff’s-land, for it would make tolerable a privilege which otherwise would result in a very serious inconvenience. To flow the land without the grading of the lane to the required height would and did compel the-plaintiff to drive or walk through the water in going from one part of’ his farm to the other. I do not forget that forfeitures are not iavored, and that where-there is doubt as to whether the engagement of a grantee should be considered as a mere collateral covenant with a right of. damages fora breach thereof, or as-a condition upon the breach of wmch a forfeiture may be declared, the law resolves the doubt in favor of the-continuance of the estate granted. But in this case it seems to me-the engagement of the defendant to grade the lane was a condition-upon the performance of which, in good time and in a reasonable manner, his right to continue to flow the lands necessarily depended.. Munro v. S. L. S. & N. R. Co., 200 N. Y. 224, 93 N. E. 516. [5] If that is the correct construction to place upon the contract,, it follows that the election of the plaintiff and the service of the notice terminated at once the right of the defendant to continue to flow the plaintiff’s land. Kenner, etc., v. Am. Contract Co., 9 Bush (Ky.) 202; Parmelee v. O. & S. R. Co., 6 N. Y. 74; Alleghany Oil Co. v. Bradford Oil Co., 21 Hun, 26, affirmed 86 N. Y. 638. [765] No action of ejectment was necessary; and it has been held that in such a case ejectment could not be maintained because the plaintiff is in possession and has always been in possession of the lands flowed (Wilklow v. Lane, 37 Barb. 244); and, of course, no specific act in the nature of an entry- upon the land flooded was essential in order to terminate said privilege. “The law never requires a party to enter upon himself.” Alleghany Oil Co. v. Bradford Oil Co., supra. [6] If the flowing privilege was at an end once for all upon the service of the notice, then the subsequent act of the defendant filling up the grade without plaintiff’s consent would not restore the rights which had been lost. [7] It has been said that equity in a proper case may relieve a party from a forfeiture which he has excusably incurred. Not only is there no-good excuse made here, but the uncontradicted ■evidence is that although the preliminary injunction granted in this case, as modified by this court, forbids the defendant, pendente lite, from raising the water above the grade of the lane or bridge, the water has been so raised so that in January, 1911, it was over six inches above the bridge. The -boards closing the 16-foot sluiceway were not removed till February 28th, so that it would seem that the defendant has not been so attentive to the orders of the court as to invite its equitable interposition to relieve him from his forfeiture, if such power really exists.