Florala Sawmill Co. v. Parrish

SIMPSON, J. The bill in this case was filed by fhe appellants against the appellees. The gravamen of the complaint is that after the expiration of a lease for turpentine purposes the respondents refused to deliver up the premises, but continued to “dip and scrape the turpentine from the pine timber and to remove the same from the land,” are continuing to do so, and are insolvent. The bill prays for an injuction (which was granted) prohibiting1 respondents from “chipping, dipping, scraping, or streaking, or in any manner interfering with, the timber and turpentine on the lands.” The chancellor, in his opinion, states that “it seems to be conceded by counsel for complainants and respondents that the only question presented to the court for decision is whether or not the respondents have the right,, under the allegations of the bill, to go upon the lands * * * and within a reasonable time after the expiration of such lease remove the crude turpentine in the boxes and that which has formed on the body of the trees, usually known and called ‘the dip and scrape.’ ” Inasmuch as the bill alleges that respondents refuse to deliver possession, and also prays that they be enjoined from “chipping,” as well as “dipping and scraping,” the chancellor confines his decree to dissolving the injunction “in so far as said injunction restrains the respondents from dipping or scraping any of the timber on the land described in the bill within a reasonable time, and removing from said lands within a reasonable [465] time any turpentine of respondents already dipped or scraped, and from going on said lands within a reasonable time for this purpose.” The appellee moves to dismiss the appeal, on the ground that section 428 of the Civil Code of 1896 provides for appeals from decrees sustaining, dissolving, or discharging injunctions, but does not provide for appeals from decrees modifying injunctions. There is no merit in this contention. The injunction is dissolved as to the main, if not really the only, point of contention in the case, and it would be too strained a constriction of the statute to hold that, because there were certain other minor matters mentioned in the injunction, the party could not appeal from the decree dissolving it as to the main point in the case. The question, then, presents itself: What is the nature of the interest in the “scrape” and “dip,” and what are the rights of the lessee, after the determination of his lease? There are certain fundamental principles which have a bearing upon this case, to wit: First, that as between landlord and tenant, where the termination of the tenancy is uncertain, as where the lease is for life, when the tenancy is brought to an end by the happening of the uncertain event, the tenant is entitled to emblements; hut, second, where the tenancy is for a certain period, the tenant is not entitled to emblements on the termination of the tenancy; and, third, that the tenant has a reasonable time, after the termination of the tenancy, to enter upon the premises and remove em-blements. 2 Taylor on Landlord & Tenant (9th Ed.) §§ 534, 536; 24 Cyc. p. 1070. As to property which be-y longs to the tenant, and which does not come under the definition of emblements, the tenant may, within a rea-1 sonable time after the termination of even a definite | tenancy, enter upon the premises and remove the same. [466] 124 Cyc. p. 113; Daniels v. Brown, 34 N. H. 454, 69 Am. Dec. 505, and note . So it becomes important, in this case, to determine whether the property in question came under the definition of emblements, or whether it was property which had been separated from the soil and had become the personal property of the tenant. “Emblements” consist of such “annual productions of the soil as are raised by his labor, as corn, hops, flax, roots and the like.” “But this right does not extend to things not of annual growth, and which do not require the labor of the tenant to produce them, being the permanent and natural product of the earth, such as trees, fruit, grass, etc.” 2 Taylor on Landlord & tenant (9th Ed.) § 534; 15 Cyc. p. 537. It has been held that clover and hay are not emblements, because not the offspring of annual labor and cultivation. — Evans v. Inglehart, 6 Gill & J. (Md.) 173, 188. Possibly there may be some doubt as to the correctness of this case, as applied to the first crop of clover which has been sown by the tenant. In a later case the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania holds that uncut grass, is not emblements, but that “the vegetable chattels called 'emblements’ are the corn and other growth of the earth, which are produced annually, not spontaneously, but by labor and industry, and hence are called ‘fructus industriales.’ ”— Reiff v. Reiff, 64 Pa. 134, 137. In so far as the “dip” is concerned, being the turpentine which has dripped from the trees and been caught in boxes prepared for that purposes, it seems clear that it has been severed from the realty and become the personal property of the tenant, which he might remove within a reasonable time after the expiration of the tenancy. — State v. Moore, 33 N. C. 70; State v. King, 98 N. C. 648, 4 S. E. 44; Dickens v. State, 142 Ala. 49, 51, 52, 39 South. 14, 110 Am. St. Rep. 17. As will be noticed, [467] from tbe terms of tbe decree appealed from, we are not dealing with tbe question of tbe right of a tenant to bold possession of ,tbe premises after tbe expiration of bis term, but with tbe right of ingress and egress for tbe purpose of removing bis property. As to the “scrape” tbe question is more difficult. It is time that tbe Supreme Court of North Carolina has held that this “scrape” is not a paid of tbe realty and may be removed by tbe tenant (Lewis v. McNatt et al., 65 N. C. 68) ; but no authorities are cited in that case, save those cited above, and tbe case of Brittain v. McKay et al., 23 N. C. 265, 35 Am. Dec. 738, which makes tbe same distinction between “fructus industriales” and “fructus naturales” as is made in tbe authorities already cited. It seems, from tbe lucid description given by Chief Justice Ruffin (in tbe case of State v. Moore, supra) of tbe process of extracting tbe turpentine from the trees, that there is no cultivation to make tbe trees produce turpentine, but it is merely a process of catching that which tbe tree has naturally produced as it descends. The boxes are set to catch it, and tbe trees are “scored” above, in order to direct tbe current of tbe descending sap into tbe box; and in its descent a part of the sap adhers to tbe tree, hardens there, and, as stated in tbe case of Lewis v. McNatt, supra ', “must be removed before tbe sap begins to flow in tbe subsequent spring, for then tbe new turpentine mingles with tbe old ‘scrape.’ ” From tbe foregoing authorities it seems clear that tbe “scrape” could not be said to have been separated from tbe tree, so as to become tbe personal property of the tenant, for it was still adhering, as a part of the tree, like the fruit on a tree. Even if it could be considered as “fructus industriales,” and therefore claimable as emblements, it could not be so claimed in this case, for tbe reason that tbe lease was for a definite term, which had expired. [468] The decree of „ the chancellor is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and a decree will be here rendered dissolving the injunction-only in so far as it restrains the respondents from entering upon the premises and dipping the turpentine from the boxes. Affirmed in part, anl in part reversed and rendered. Tyson, C. J., and Anderson and Denson, JJ., concur.