Vary v. Smith

ANDEBSON, J. The bill seeks to foreclose a certain mortgage given by B. D. Smith to the Birmingham National Bank in the year 1893. There is no pretense in the pleading or proof that Smith owned the property, now sought to be subjected to said mortgage, at the time of the execution of same, but acquired the same about eight years subsequent to the execution of the said mortgage. If the mortgage is a warranty, it would be fed by the subsequently acquired title. — Tillotson v. Kennedy, 5 Ala. 407, 39 Am. Dec. 330; Chapman v. Abrahams, 61 Ala. 108; Chambers v. Ringstaff, 69 Ala. 140; Parker v. Marps, 82 Ala. 548, 3 South. 5; Hargrave v. Melbourne, 86 Ala. 270, 5 South. 285; Prewitt v. Ashford, 90 Ala. 294, 7 South. 831; Olds v. Marshal, 93 Ala. 138, 8 South. 284. On the other hand, if it was a mere quitclaim, and was intended to convey only the right, title, or interest then held or owned by the mortgagor, it did not operate to include a subsequently acquired title. It is not contended that the mortgage is a warranty under the common laAV, but that, because of the use of the Avords “grant,” “bargain,” or “sell,” it was converted into a warranty under and by virtue of section 3421, Code 1907. Said section provides that, “In all conveyances of estates in fee, the words ‘grant,’ ‘bar [460] gain/ ‘sell/ or either of them, must be construed, unless it otherwise clearly appears from the conveyance, an express covenant,” etc. The mortgage in question contains the words “bargain” and “sell;” but does it otherwise clearly appear from the terms of the instrument that no covenant of warranty was intended? The mortgage says: “I also bargain, sell, and convey to the Birmingham National Bank, for the purpose aforesaid, all right, title, and interest that I may have in and to the mineral land described in the deed above set forth.” “The right, title, or interest that I may have” (now have) and not “that I may acquire.” The right, title, or interest conveyed is confined to what the mortgagor then had, and not some future or subsequently acquired interest. The words “may have” evidently refer to a potential, and not a future, right, title, or interest. The mortgage being without express covenants of warranty, notwithstanding it contained the words “grant,” “bargain,” or “sell,” cannot become a warranty under the statute, as it clearly appears from the instrument that it only conveyed such right, title, or interest that the mortgagor had in and to the mineral' land at the time. — Derrick v. Brown, 66 Ala. 162; Reynolds v. Shaver, 59 Ark. 299, 27 S. W. 78, 43 Am. St. Rep. 36; Wightman v. Spofford, 56 Iowa, 145, 8 N. W. 680; Cummins v. Dearborn, 56 Vt. 441; Frink v. Darst, 14 Ill. 304, 58 Am. Dec. 575. It is true, in the Derrick Case supra, the word “quitclaim,” as well as the “right, title, or interest,” Avas used; but the court emphasized the fact that the use of these last words indicated an intent to only quitclaim, notwithstanding the statutory words of warranty may have been used. In the case of Reynolds v. Shaver, supra, the operative words of the conveyance were that the grantor bargained and sold all right, title, claim, and interest. The word “quitclaim” was not [461] used, aud the deed also contained a clause in warranty as follows: “And do, * * * -for ourselves and our heirs and assigns, warrant and defend the same.” It was held that the use of the words, “right, title, claim, and interest,” notwithstanding the use of the words “bargain and sell,” had the legal effect of converting the instrument into a mere quitclaim, and, further, that the legal import of the warranty Avas to warrant and defend only such right, title, claim, and interest as the grantors had in the land at the date of the conveyance. In the case of Jones v. Reese, 65 Ala. 134, the statutory Avords Avere used, but nothing else appeared to limit or qualify Avhat was being conveyed. And in the case of Chapman v. Abrahams, 61 Ala. 108, there not only was no qualification, but the conveyance, in addition to the statutory Avords “bargain, sell,” etc., contained an express covenant of Avarranty. As a general rule a mortgagor is estopped from denying his mortgagee’s title; but when there is no warranty in the mortgage it does not preclude the mortgagor - from setting up a subsequently acquired title.— Jones v. Wilson, 57 Ala. 122. The question upon Avhich the case noAv turns Avas not discussed or considered upon the former appeal, as the opinion says: “The only question insisted on in argument by counsel for appellant is that raised by the ground of demurrer which challenges the sufficiency of the description, in the bill, of the land as to which the mortgage is sought to be foreclosed.” We are of the opinion that the bill of complaint Avas properly dismissed, and the decree of the chancery court is affirmed. Affirmed. Doavdell, C. J., and Simpson and Mayfield, JJ., concur.