Ellis v. Vandergrift

McCLELLAN, J. This appeal is prosecuted alone by J. E. Ellis, one of a number of defendants. His complaint here is that his separate demurrer (he Avas concerned in no other) to the bill was OAmrruled. The general purposes of the bill — stating them Avithout effort at particularity — are dissolution of the Three Kivers Coal & Iron Company, a corporation, and relief against averred fraudulent conduct on the part of a majority of the directorate, and of some of the officers, and a majority of the shareholders, of the corporation. The only relation J. E. Ellis appears from the hill to have to the subject-matter of the bill is that of a creditor — the holder, by assignment and transfer, of a note against the corporation. He is not shown to be a stockholder. His claim is traced, in. particular averment, to S. A. Ellis, his transferror. In formulating his demurrers, appellant appropriated the grounds of the demurrer interposed by C. B. PoAvell, another defendant. To these appellant added, in his demurrer, grounds addressed to those phases of the bill, AAdierefrom it is sought to invalidate his alleged claim against the corporation. While the amended hill assails the validity of his claim (note) against the corporation and invokes the powers of the court to annul his-claim, yet it carries, also, the alternative in its-prayer that, if the appellant’s-claim is found to be — 148 — valid, it be paid out of the assets of the-corpoi’ation— an entity unequivocally alleged to be solvent in any event. In this state of averment — of limited relation of appellant to the subject-matter of controversy — he is not concerned with those phases of the amended bill which relate to the establishment vel non of the invalidity of stock issued to others described therein, or with the approval vel non of other (than his) claims or charges against the corporation. Nor can his rights be affected in any degree by the inquiry whether the dissolution of the corporation should be effected, since in any event his claim is assured of payment, unless the equity of the bill as amended depends wholly upon the solution of that question. Only a party who is prejudiced thereby can avail of the objection of multifariousness. — 16 Cyc. p. 268; 14 Ency. Pl. & Pr. pp. 212-213; Stone v. Knickerbocker Ins. Co., 52 Ala. 589. The office of demurrer in equity is to accelerate the decision of the complainant’s right, upon the confessed averments of his pleading, to maintain the bill as against the demurrant. If the phases of a bill to which the demurrant objects as defective cannot affect any interest or right the demurrant is impleaded to defend, he will suffer no prejudice by the retention of the bill, having equity notwithstanding. He cannot invoke his exoneration because of imperfections, not related to the cause or right of action, asserted against him. In short, he must be prejudiced by the defect; else he is unharmed and unconcerned. Does the equity of the bill depend wholly upon the dissolution vel non of the corporation : We think not. We think its equity, so far as to conclude against 'appellant’s demurrer in this regard, may be rested upon that — 149 — phase of the hill whereby fraudulent conduct on the part of those before mentioned is particularly and sufficiently charged. Out of this conduct came, according to the bill, the claim (note) now held by appellant. From the allegations of the amended bill, these general conclusions, avoiding unnecessary reiteration of the detailed averments thereof, must be deduced; that a majority of the stockholders and a majority of the directorate, together with some, if not all, of the officers of the corporations entered upon a scheme to wrongfully increase the capital stock of the corporation, to wrongfully create, in their personal behalf, liabilities against the corporation, to dissolve and wind up the corporation by means of a general assignment by them to a trustee of their own selection, and to have the corporation adjudged an involuntary bankrupt, when it in fact was entirely solvent. The phase of the conspiracy to wreck the corporation, charged by the bill, with which appellant is, by averment, connected thus appears: S. A. Ellis, from the year 1887 (the year the corporation was organized) until the year 1907, was at times secretary, president, and secretary and tréasurer of the corporation. July 10, 1907, he presented an account for services in these respective capacities to the corporation. Therein he also included items for taxes paid by him on the corporate property for 20 years; for special and extraordinary services under the resolutions of a specified date; and for advertising meetings, and interest thereon. The aggregate of the whole account was $4,008. The aggregate of the items last described was. $903. The directorate, of which he was one, allowed his account in toto. At this meeting accounts of other directors and officers for services were allowed, though in each instance the alleged creditor of the corporation did not, as the minutes show, vote upon — 150 — the allowance of his particular claim. The account allowed to S. A. Ellis was ordered paid, half in stock issued at par, and half in a note maturing in 30 days. This was accepted by S. A. Ellis. On August 10, 1907, the bill alleges S!. A. Ellis assigned this note for $2,001.50 to his son (appellant). It is further alleged that the purpose and scheme in so assigning the note was to arm appellant to invoke the United States District Court’s power to adjudicate the corporation an involuntary bankrupt; the general assignment before mentioned having been that day executed. 'It is further alleged that the transfer and assignment was without consideration; that appellant “at said time had notice that these complainants and other stockholders denied that said corporation justly owed the debt for which the note was given, and that they had filed said former bill in this court for the purpose, among’ other things, to prevent the payment of said alleged debt, and he had notice at said time of the rights and equities of said corporation and these complainants as against the payment of the same.” “Orators aver that the transfer of said note, the adoption of said resolution, and the execution of said assignment were parts and parcel of a conspiracy on the part of said members of said hoard of directors, and said persons whose said claims had been allowed, to defraud orators and other stockholders of said corporation, not members of said conspiracy, by having said claims alleged to be due satisfied from the assets of said corporation, as a bankrupt, and thereby defraud its remaining stockholders; that it was the purpose of said persons, in furtherance of said conspiracy and their efforts to wreck said corporation, to deprive this court of jurisdiction of this cause, to have said bankruptcy cause instituted by a pretended innocent creditor, so — 151 — that the defense of said bankruptcy proceedings could be undertaken and controlled by said majority of said board of directors, to the end that said fictitious and invalid claims might be allowed as legal and subsisting ‘debts against said corporation in said bankruptcy proceedings, and there paid out of the assets of said corporation, and that further counsel fees incurred by said persons holding said claims and said members of the board of directors, since the last meeting of said board, for services in their additional efforts to wreck said corporation, might be worked in as additional debts against said corporation, and then and there allowed and ordered paid. Orators further aver that in further pursuance of said conspiracy said majority of said board of directors authoried the said C. B. Powell, as attorney for said corporation, to file an answer to said petition in bankruptcy, admitting its allegations, which was done.” The bankruptcy proceeding having been dismissed by the United States court, appellant instituted his action at law to enforce the payment of the note. It is averred that the governing body of the corporation .and its officers took no steps to defend against the action, until the time had about arrived when judgment by default could be taken. The bill was amended, setting forth the facts indicated, whereupon the further prosecution of that action was restrained. Primarily only the corporation may seek relief from ■or redress for corporate wrongs. This rule has, however, found exception in those cases, among others perhaps, where the corporation actually or virtually refuses to institute or prosecute such a suit, or where the wrongdoers themselves would be in control of the litigation necessary to enforce or protect corporate rights. —Montgomery Traction Co. v. Harmon, 140 Ala. 505, — 152 — 37 South. 371; Tillis v. Brown, 154 Ala. 403, 45 South. 589. No demand or request of the corporate authorities is required to be made, as a condition to suit by the stockholder, where it can be inferred with reasonable certainty that it would be refused, actually or virtually, or where, being the wrongdoers, a majority of the governing body would control the litigation so requested or demanded. — Author, supra. The acts and conditions shown in the amended bill leave no sort of doubt of the right of complainants to maintain this bill on the theory we haye indicated. Whether the bill is maintainable upon the theory that dissolution of the corporation should be effected is not decided, since, as we view the record, that question is not presented by one necessarily entitled to contest it. Coming down more particularly to the grounds of demurrer interposed by appellant, it is insisted, first, that the remedy at law was adequate and complete to determine in the action then pending the validity of the appellant’s claim. It will suffice to say in response to •this contention that equity, having been warrantably invoked, upon the theory indicated, to redress corporate wrongs, was in duty bound to draw within its jurisdiction every phase of the controversy involved in the wrongs charged in the amended bill. Under the charges of the amended bill, it is evident that the claim asserted by appellant was one of the immediate products of the wrongs charged therein. It is next insisted that the bill is multifarious. Numerous grounds for this contention are stated in brief for appellant. The chief ground urged is that the amended bill seeks reimbursement of complainants for sums expended by them in resisting the petition to have the corporation adjudicated a bankrupt. — 153 — In Bentley v. Barnes, 155 Ala. 659, 47 South. 159, Simpson, J., writing for the court, many of our previous decisions dealing with multfariousness were reviewed. It is not every defendant who can complain of bills to which he is a party on that ground. In Stone v. Knickerbocker Insurance Go., 52 Ala. 589, Stone and others, creditors of Drake, deceased, filed the bill to subject the proceeds of insurance policies on Drake’s life to the satisfaction of their demands. Drake was insolvent. The insurance companies and Sheppard, a son-in-law of Drake, were among the parties defendant. They demurred to the hill for multifariousess, in that the hill should not, as was done, have sought to subject the proceeds of both policies, written by separate companies, in one suit. What right or interest Sheppard had in the subject-matter was not shown by the bill. Notwithstanding, the lower court was held to have erred in sustaining the demurrer of Sheppard. Speaking to multifariousness in general, the court said (Brickell, C. J., writing) “that a bill is not multifarious which unites several matters distinct in themselves, but which together make up the complainant’s equity and are necessary to complete relief.” But to the point in mind .it was said, as to Sheppard’s demurrer: “The hill may be multifarious as to one or more defendants, without being so as to others. When such a case is presented, the objection can only he taken by the defendants who are affected by it, on the same principle that a misjoinder of defendants is available only to the parties improperly joined.” (Italics supplied.) This appellant is within this doctrine as to the feature of the bill seeking reimbursement as stated. In no event could he be concerned in the allowance of this claim for reimbursement. It does not appear that the payment of his note, if found a valid charge against the — 154 — corporation, will be in any wise affected by an allowance of the claim for reimbursement. He is without interest in the corporation, except as an alleged creditor. A finding favorable or unfavorable to that claim can in no event affect his rights in the premises. Those interested in the corporation, and the corporation itself, are affected by the plea for reimbursement, and these have ■the right to raise the inquiry whether that feature of the bill renders it multifarious. It is further insisted that the bill is multifarious because ( a,) appellant has no connection with a large part of the record; (b) the same defense is not applicable to the different aspects; (c) no common relief is claimed against defendant; (d) he is not interested in winding up the corporation; and (e) the necessary parties are different in the different phases of the bill. What has been said before disposes of the contentions we have lettered “d” and “e.” The others are not predicated upon accepted tests of multifariousness. There are doubtless expressions in the decisions some of which are noted in appellant’s brief suggesting the lettered grounds as supporting the conclusion that the bill under review was multifarious. While this is true, it is evident that these expressions were but reinforcing reasons for the conclusions attained upon the status of averment presented in each, rather than — instead of — the announcement of a substantive proposition of pertinent law controlling the inquiry of multifariousness vel non. Such appears to have been the case in Tutwiler v. Tuscaloosa Coal Company, 98 Ala. 391, 7 South. 398, and A. R. & C. Co. v. Linn, 93 Ala. 610, 7 South. 191. In each of these cases there was no legitimate connection or relation between ■distinct matters which, when blended, went to constitute the complainant’s equity, to effectuate complete — 155 — relief in respect of which, the distinct matters shown were necessary to he brought before the court. Other of the decisions noted in brief for appellant on this point fall within the same category. The effect of the rule against multifariousness is to forbid the inclusion in one bill of distinct, disconnected, independent, matters — matters that do not contribute to a single equity the complainant would enforce. If the three first lettered contentions of appellant were sustained this undoubtedly sound and pertinent observation, by Brickell, C. J., in Truss v. Miller, 116 Ala. 494, 505, 22 South. 863, would be departed from: “When, as in the present case, the objection in that distinct and unconnected matters are joined against several defendants, it is not necessary that all the parties should have an interest in all the matters of controversy; it is sufficient if each defendant has an interest in some of the matters involved, and they are connected with the others.” Upon general principles, without recourse to the provisions of Code 1907, § 3095, the opinion is entertained that the bill is not multifarious on any ground available to this appellant. We find no ground of appellant’s demurrer definitely taking the objection that the bar of the statute of limitations, against the claim to which appellant is alleged to have succeeded, was waived by the directorate of the corporation. Doubtless the demurrant conceived that the demurrer of Powell took the point. If it did so, as to the claims asserted by him, the adoption, by most general terms, of the grounds of his demurrer was not sufficient to point appellant’s demurrer on that score. After a careful review of the whole amended bill, we cannot approve appellant’s insistences that the amended bill is prolix; that it is indefinite in its averments of — 156 — improper conduct; that the appellant’s connection with the wrongful scheme and conduct charged is not sufficiently, denitely, averred in the amended bill; or that the essential allegations to give the bill equity in the aspects with which appellant is concerned are but conclusions of the pleader. The bill is ample in averments of fact. The contention of curative ratification by the directorate or of laches by the complainants, under the averments of the amended bill, cannot prevail. — Montgomery Light Co. v. Lahey, 121 Ala. 131, 25 South. 1006. We find no ground of appellant’s demurrer assailing that feature of the amended bill, whereby the claim of appellant (assigned by S. A. Ellis to him) is asserted to be invalid, under the doctrine that corporate officers are presumed to serve without pay, unless a previous agreement is made or the circumstances reasonably invite the conclusion that compensation was contemplated. Not being raised, we cannot treat the question ably discussed in brief of the respective solicitors. No error appearing in overruling appellant’s demurrer, the decree in that particular is affirmed. Affirmed. Simpson, Somerville, and Mayfield, JJ., concur.