County of Montgomery v. City of Montgomery

McCLELLAN, J. This is an action at law by the city of Montgomery against the county of Montgomery. Its purpose and object is to recover of the county of Montgomery $30,000 as the city’ of Montgomery’s as — 367 — serted portion of funds garnered by the county authority, and directed by that authority to be devoted to the improvement, etc., of public roads and bridges within the confines of the county of Montgomery. The quotation of the first count of the complaint, along with the material parts of the agreed statement of facts, will serve to fully disclose the controversy now under review. The first count reads: “The plaintiff claims of the defendant the sum of thirty thousand ($30,000) dollars, with interest thereon from the first day of March, 1912, for this, to wit: That in the month of February, 1912, the board of revenue of the county of Montgomery transferred to the road and bridge fund of said county from its general fund, collected under the general levy for' general purposes, the sum of eighty-five thousand ($85,000) dollars, and that thereby it became and was the duty of the board of revenue of said county, making said transfer, to pay to the plaintiff, out of said funds so transferred, one-half of the proportion of said sum so transferred, as was collected on the property located in the corporate limits of the plaintiff. “And plaintiff avers that one-half of the said proportion of said sum so transferred to the road and bridge fund, which was collected on the property located in the corporate limits of the plaintiff, amounted to the sum of thirty thousand ($30,000) dollars, ’ or other large sum; that the said defendant failed and refused to pay the said money, or any part thereof, to the plaintiff, and still refuses to pay the same, and used the same for other purposes; and plaintiff claims the said sum as now due to it, with interest thereon from, to wit, the first day of March, 1912.” The agreed statement of facts is as follows: “It is agreed by and between the attorneys of record in this cause that the board of revenue of Montgomery county — 368 — during the year 1911 made á general levy of one-half of 1 per cent, for general purposes, and that in that levy there was no specification that any part of it was for road purposes; that during the month of February, 1912, the board of revenue of Montgomery county entered an order transferring $85,000 as a surplus from the general fund in the treasury of the county to the road and bridge fund belonging to county; that the general fund of the county, at the time this order was entered, was made up from taxes collected under the general levy of one-half of 1 per cent, and from funds collected from license taxes, taxes on recorded mortgages, money derived from hard labor convicts, and from fines imposed for convictions for criminal offenses. “It is further agreed that under the general levy of one-half of 1 per cent, made in June, 1911, by the board of revenue, there was collected between October 1, 1911, and September 30, 1912, the sum of $155,553.39, and that during this period there was collected from sources other than the one-half of 1 per cent, levy approximately $80,000; the total receipts derived from one-half of 1 per cent, and other sources approximated $235,555.39, of which sum $102,211.19 was expended for county purposes other than road purposes, leaving a balance of $133,311.20, out of which the $85,000 was transferred to the road and bridge fund, which was expended by the county before this suit was commenced; that the books of the county do not show the assessed values of city property separately from the assessed values of the property outside of the city; that this however, is shown by the books kept by the city, in which all assessed values of property within the city were taken from the county books of assessment. “That for the year 1911 the total assessed tax value for the.county was $31,861,679, as shown by the books — 369 — of the county. That, as shown by the books of the city, of the total assessed tax values of the county, $22,394,-739 was the assessed value of property in the city; that the assessed value of the property in the city was 70.29 per cent, of the total assessed tax values of the entire county; that 70.29 per cent, of one-half of $85,000 is $29,873.25; and that the interest on this amount from March 1, 1912, to this date, is $3,896.77, making a total of $33,770.02.” The city’s claim is- based upon sections 1 and 2 of the act approved August 26, 1909. — Acts Sp. Sess. 1909, pp. 303, 304. Those sections read: “Section 1. That the maintenance of streets of municipalities in the state of Alabama is hereby, for the purposes of this act, declared to be a county matter. “Sec. 2. That courts of county commissioners and boards of revenue, where there is levied a road tax, general or special, or where by the tax levy a portion of the tax is levied for or devoted to the purpose of constructing, repairing or maintaining roads or highways of any description in the county, shall pay over each year to each municipality therein one-half of the money collected on such road tax on the property located in such municipality.” Pretermitting the consideration of all other questions that might be proposed on the record for review, a controlling meritorious issue of law presented is whether the sum claimed is a fund to which the city has a legal right. (1) In the several decisions it has been decided here, after repeated full consideration of the question, that the application of a special road tax, levied and collected within the purview of section 215 of the Constitution of 1901, cannot be controlled by legislative enactment, since the Constitution commands that funds — 370 — so garnered shall he applied to public county roads, not to urban ways. — City of Tuscaloosa v. Court of County Commissioners of Tuscaloosa, 173 Ala. 724, 54 South. 763 (a ruling based on opinion in Board of Revenue v. State ex rel. City of Birmingham, 172 Ala. 138, 153-155, 5 South. 757); Pike County v. City of Troy, 173 Ala. 442, 56 South. 131, 274; Commissioners’ Court of Tuscaloosa County v. State ex rel. City of Tuscaloosa, 180 Ala. 479, 61 South. 431. It follows, from the doctrine of these decisions, that section 1335 of the Code of 1907 (as readopted by the act of August 26, 1909 [Acts Sp. Sess. 1909, p. 174]), which purports to alone deal with a special road and bridge tax, was and is constitutionally invalid. — Constitution 1901, § 215, div. (a). (2) As appears, the fund here in question is not the product of a special road or bridge tax, under section 215 of the Constitution; but it is a part of the general fund of the county, gathered by taxation under the general power conferred on counties. As also appears, the fund here in question is a part of the fund segregated by the county authorities in virtue of Code, § 5766, which reads: “The court of county commissioners or board of revenue of any county of the state may transfer to the road fund of the county any surplus of general funds of the county in the county treasury or any part of such surplus whenever in the judgment of said court or board it will promote the interest of the county to make such transfer. Any surplus of general funds so transferred shall be used for the working of the public roads or the building of bridges or otherwise improving the public roads as the said court or board may determine.” We come, then, to this'unclouded inquiry: Did the act of 1909 (quoted ante) effect to invest the city of — 371 — Montgomery with the right to a proportion of funds not the product of a tax laid “for the purpose of constructing, repairing, or maintaining roads or highways of any description in the county?” On the inquiry presented the really controlling words of the act of 1909 are these: “Where there is levied a road tax, general or special, or where by the tax levy a portion of the tax is levied for or devoted to the purpose of constructing, repairing or maintaining roads or highways of any description, in the county.” It is apparent that the first phrase, viz., “where there is levied a road tax, general or special,” had and has reference to a specific levy of a tax for the construction, repair and maintenance of public county roads. And it is equally obvious that the fund here sued for is not of the character of fund defined in the first phrase of section 2, just quoted. While this is manifestly true, the mentioned phrase is of consequence and importance in the ascertainment of the legislative intent sought to be expressed in the next succeeding phrase of section 2 of the act, viz.: “Or where by the tax levy a portion of the tax is levied for or devoted to the purpose of constructing, repairing or maintaining roads or highways of any description, in the county.” It is upon the interpretation of the last-quoted language of section 2, read in connection with the other' provisions of the act, that the decision here 3nust turn. It is entirely clear that the lawmakers purposed to require the payment over to municipalities of a proportion of certain funds that had come into the control of the county authorities! What fund — what description or character of funds — was required to be so paid over? In defining or describing ,tbe funds to be so paid over the statute writers employed both general — 372 — jet plain, terms, and - also particular terms, just as plain. The general terms of description, to which we have just referred, are these, the particularly expressive words being put in capitals: “Shall pay over each year to each municipality therein one-half of the money COLLECTED ON SUCH ROAD TAX on the property located in such municipality;” and (in section 3) “* * * provided that IF THE TAX IS LEVIED for any particular class of roads or highways, such sums shall be used on the streets of the municipality for roads of a similar character to such roads or highways.” These general, descriptive terms plainly show that in the legislative mind a particular character of tax, or a tax the product of which was to' have application to a particular government purpose, viz., public roads or “highways,” was the basis of the dominant idea. It is not possible to read the act and entertain any other •conclusion with respect to the intent of the lawmakers. (3) A tax is an authoritative exaction for the support of the government. — 8 Words and Phrases, p. 6867 et seq. In this sense was the authoritative source and character of the funds dealt with in the act considered by the Legislature in its enactment now under view. When the particular terms employed in this act by the lawmakers, viz., “or where by the tax levy a portion of the tax is levied for or devoted to the purpose” •described, are read and considered in connection with the general terms before quoted in this opinion, it is clear, beyond any doubt, that the Legislature was seeking, in the use of particular terms in perfect accord with the general terms indicated, to define or describe the product of a tax that in some law-fixed manner was Impressed, when exacted of the taxpayer by the taxing authority of the "county, with the governmentally or373 darned assurance and avowed purpose to devote that product of taxation to the construction, repair, or maintenance of public county roads, into which distinct class of highways the lawmakers intended, in that act, to introduce streets by denominating their maintenance a “county matter.” The correctness of this interpretation of the presently important features of the act is confirmed by several considerations. In the first place, the very plain letter of the act (section 2) defines the fund to be affected as the product of a tax levy, for it says: “Where by the tax levy a portion of the tax is levied for or devoted to” road or highway purposes. Taxes are annually levied, as section 2 contemplated, by courts of county commissioners and boards of revenue, at a definite time. — Code, § 2155. “The levy of taxes is a legislative function, and declares the subjects and'rate of taxation.” — Perry County v. Railroad Co., 58 Ala. 559. The authority to levy county taxes is conferred, as stated, on the county government. — Perry County v. Railroad Co., supra. The levy of taxes is the act of establishing a “rule of action,” and assessment is the administration of the rule. — -Perry County v. Railroad Co., supra. When authority to do so is conferred on the county government, the levy is the first step in the gathering of'taxes. In the act, if we do not unnecessarily repeat, it was plainly provided, by the terms last quoted, that the condition to the right of the municipality to the therein stipulated portion of the fund was a tax levy in or by which provision was made for the application' — devotion — of a portion of the money (tax) to road or highway purposes. Unless such provision was thus inceptively made, viz., when the tax levy was' made, it could not, under this 'act, be thereafter introduced into the levy by a mere order of the county body. So, when it — 374 — was provided that the tax levy should give assurance that a “portion of the tax” was “levied for or devoted to” road or highway purposes, reference could alone have been had to,the time and the occasion and the act of levying a tax, for general purposes though it was levied, and not to some subsequent date or occasion when the mere discretionary judgment of the county body, in respect of surplus funds in the general fund (section 5766) of the county, might invite the transfer of such surplus to the road fund. It is insisted that a proper consideration and interpretation of the word ’‘devoted,” in section 2 as several times before quoted, should and would lead to the conclusion that the city’s right to the fund claimed would be entirely vindicated, for that the act ■ wotild then have and should have application to funds not impressed by the tax levy with the promised purpose to apply a portion of the product of the tax to road or highway objects, but application to money devoted by order of the county body to the construction, etc., of roads or highways. This insistence is refuted by the plain words and clear grammatical relation associated with and component, of the expression in which the word “devoted” occurs. If we omit the words “levied for or” (preceding the word “devoted”) the sentence reads: “Or where by the tax levy a portion of the tax is * * * devoted to the purpose,” etc. The subject of the sentence is “tax.” The verb is “devoted.” The phrase, “where by the tax levy a portion of the,” is related to and descriptive of the subject, “tax.” The tax devoted is the tax .answering to the related descriptive phrase just mentioned. There is no other way to read the sentence. There- is no other possible subject of the verb “devoted.” It is lthe"word “tax.” Without obvious violence — 375 — to its elements and structure, the sentence — following the disjunctive “or” and as deleted above — cannot be read otherwise than as having “tax” for its subject and “devoted” as its verb. This being patently true, it is not possible to deny to the words preceding “tax” in the sentence the office of describing tax. That preceding phrase has two related, qualifying ideas in it, viz., that expressed by the word defining the measure of the tax that is devoted to the purpose stipulated, namely, “portion,” and that expressed by the words “where by the tax levy,” thereby defining and describing the place whereat and the agency whereof — implying governmental authority so to do — the portion of the tq.£ devoted to the purpose prescribed has been ascertained and its devotion to the purpose prescribed assured. The act in the respect, under consideration simply means what it says, no more, no less. “Devoted,” as therein used, consists alone with the meaning we have stated. That which is required to be paid in a proportion to a municipality is tax money that was “by the tax levy” devoted to. road or highway purposes. Now it is also suggested that to interpret the act as we have done effects to read the “where by the tax levy” sentence to the same legislative result as the antecedent thereto provisions of section 2 plainly contemplates. Not so. The provisions of section 2, preceding the sentence employing the word “devoted” has reference to a road tax, apart from the taxes laid for general county purposes, in which a part of the money derived for general county purposes was designated by law for use in constructing, repairing, or maintaining county roads, etc. Some collateral legislative circumstances may be here noted, for they are of service in this.«matter: — 376 — The act of 1909 was introduced in the House by a member from Jefferson county. It seems to have passed both branches of the Legislature and to have been approved by tbe Executive in substantially tbe same form as it was when introduced. The- county of Jefferson bad a local law that dealt with public roads, etc., improvement. Tbe original local law was approved February 17, 1885. — Acts 1884-85, p.-709. It appears to have been since twice amended. — See Acts 1894-95, p. 205; Acts 1896-97, p. 1079. Tbe effect of tbe original and amended local laws was to require tbe county governing body to include in its levy one-tenth of 1 per 'cent.- for macadam road improvement, but that tbe aggregate levy for' any one year should not exceed one-half of 1 per cent, for ordinary - county purposes (tbe limit fixed by tbe Constitution of 1875), not including necessary public buildings and bridges, which that organic law, though omitting roads, allowed to be provided for by a special tax. So it readily appears that by law there was afforded a subject upon which tbe alternative sentence of section 2 of tbe act of 1909 could operate. Others of like character may have existed in 1909. It would seem that tbe act considered in State v. Street, 117 Ala. 203, 23 South. 807, bad provisions of - like character to tbe indicated feature of tbe Jefferson county law. It also appears that the Calhoun county law, involved in Commissioners’ Court of Calhoun County v. City of Anniston, 176 Ala. 605, 58 South. 252, was of like character. In short, and meeting tbe ■provisions of the■ alternative sentence of section 2 of tbe act of 1909, there were laws that allowed or required a particular part of tbe one-half of that 1 per cent, county levy to be designated for employment on public roads. ■ ■ — 377 — It is further insisted that the major question to which we have given attention in this opinion was authoritatively decided by this court in Tuscaloosa County v. Tuscaloosa City, 180 Ala. 479, 61 South. 431. A review of that decision, in the light of the legal status there brought under consideration, will disclose that that decision is without particular point or application on this appeal. By virtue of an act, applicable to Tuscaloosa county, approved September 29, 1903 (Local Acts 1903, p. 433), the order of the commissioner’s court, considered in the last-cited decision, was made. See 180 Ala. 484, 61 South. 431. That local act was amended, as appears in Local Acts 1907, p. 227. The local act of 1903, in an effort to promote road improvement, provided that at the first regular meeting of the commissioners’ court after December 1, 1903, and in each year thereafter, “said court shall appropriate and set apart out of the taxes levied for general purposes in said county such sum as the condition of the county treasury shall warrant, but in no case less than one-sixth of 1 per cent, of the total assessed valuation of property in said county, which sum shall be a part of the one-half of 1 per cent authorized by law for general county purposes.” Provision was then made with respect to the special road tax levied under section 215 of the Constitution, which this court considered when the decision reported in 173 Ala. 724, 54 South. 763, was delivered. It will-be seen that a minimum proportion of the product of one-sixth of 1 per cent, on the total assessed value of all property tax laid and collected in Tuscaloosa county for general county-purposes was fixed by the local act, thereby directly impressing that part of the tax levied for general county purposes with the law’s imperative order devoting the sum so produced to the purpose — 378 — defined in section 2 of the- act of 1909. In other words, the indicated provisions of the local act operated to imprint upon the levy, raising the money there sought by the city of Tuscaloosa for general county purposes, the condition or exaction that of the product of the levy so made a definite proportion thereof should become a part of the road and bridge fund; that the levy for general county purposes included as the result of legal command superior to the county body a specific percentage minimum of money raised by taxation under a levy for general county purposes that was, when collected by the county, a part of the road and bridge fund. No. such law as that in force, in this respect, in Tuscaloosa county, is made to appear to be of force in Montgomery county to effect the question here presented. ■ ! In Tuscaloosa County v. City of Tuscaloosa, 180 Ala. 479, 61 South. 431, no account appears to have been taken or consideration invited by the litigants looking to the separation from the one-sixth of 1 per cent, minimum — prescribed by the local act and designated to the local act as a marked part of the product of the levy for general county purposes — of the sum in excess thereof that the county body transferred to the road and bridge fund in the exercise of the discretion reposed in them by the local act. Hence that decision had ro invitation to separate from a larger mass that to ivhich, under the act of 1909, the city of Tuscaloosa was entitled, viz., one-half of one-sixth of 1 per cent, of taxes paid on property in the city of Tuscaloosa. So the. decision reported in 180 Ala. 479, 61 South. 431, is. Avithout bearing on- this appeal. The first count of the complaint was subject to the demurrer. On the agreed statement of facts the city of. Montgomery-was without rights to - recover the sum — 379 — claimed, or any other less sum, from the county of Montgomery under or in virtue of the act of 1909. Judgment was for the city. Consistent with the provisions of Code, § 5361, judgment will he here rendered for the county of Montgomery; and the city of Montgomery will be taxed with the costs in the lower court and in this court on appeal. Under and by authority of the foregoing opinion, like judgments will be entered in causes numbered 86 to 91, inclusive. Reversed and rendered. Anderson, C. J., and Somerville, de Graeeenried, and Gardner, JJ., concur.