HI Ltd. Partnership v. Winghouse of Florida, Inc.

BARKETT, Circuit Judge: Appellants (“Hooters”) appeal from the district court’s judgment as a matter of law on their claims of trade dress infringement, trade dress dilution, and unjust enrichment. Hooters also appeals a jury verdict for Ker, Inc. (“Ker”), on its counterclaim alleging that a 1997 settlement agreement barred Hooters from bringing the present suit. The jury awarded Ker $1.2 million in attorneys fees as damages arising from Hooters’ alleged breach of that settlement. Upon careful de novo review of the briefs and record in this case, we find, for the reasons articulated by the district court, that Hooters’s trade dress infringement and dilution claims fail as a matter of law. Accordingly, its state-law claim of unjust enrichment must also fail, founded as is it on the proposition that Appellees infringed and diluted Hooters’s trade dress. With regard to Ker’s counterclaim, Hooters argues that the alleged 1997 settlement agreement violated Florida’s Statute of Frauds and that, for this reason, the district court should have granted its motion for a directed verdict. 1 At trial, Ker argued that its obligations under the oral agreement were fully performed within 90 days, thereby removing the agreement from the Statute. The district court denied Hooters’s motion for a directed verdict and submitted the question to the jury. The jury, having been instructed on the defense of full performance without any objection from Hooters, entered its verdict for Ker. Hooters filed neither a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) nor a motion for a new trial. On appeal, Hooters argues that the district court erred in submitting the matter to the jury because Ker did not fully perform and the Statute of Frauds barred relief on the counterclaim. Whatever its merits, we are precluded from considering Hooters’s argument. In the recent case of Unitherm Food Systems, Inc. v. Swift-Eckrich, Inc., — U.S. -, 126 S.Ct. 980, 163 L.Ed.2d 974 (2006), the Supreme Court explicitly rejected the very rule urged upon us by Hooters, which would allow “a party that has failed to file a postverdict motion ... [to] nonetheless raise such a claim on appeal, so long as that party filed a Rule *1302 50(a) motion prior to the submission of the case to the jury.” Id. at 984 (citing Cummings v. Gen. Motors Corp., 365 F.3d 944, 950-51 (10th Cir.2004)). Clarifying that its “cases addressing the requirements of Rule 50” do not permit any relief under such circumstances, the Court held that “a party is not entitled to pursue [even] a new trial on appeal unless that party makes an appropriate postverdict motion in the district court.” Id. at 983, 987. Moreover, we are not persuaded by Hooters’s suggestion that two Eleventh Circuit precedents formerly permitted the result now foreclosed by the Supreme Court’s ruling in Unitherm. Although it is true that, in Jackson v. Seaboard Coast Line R.R. Co., 678 F.2d 992 (11th Cir. 1982), we remanded for a new trial rather than reverse a pre-verdict denial of judgment as a matter of law, a post-verdict motion for a new trial had in fact been made in the district court. Furthermore, our decision in United States v. Valdosta-Lowndes County Hospital Authority, 696 F.2d 911 (11th Cir.1983), which relied exclusively on Jackson to grant a new trial where the appellant sought reversal of an unfavorable Rule 50(a) ruling, contains no indication that a post-verdict motion for a new trial had not been made in the district court. Filing a pre-verdict, Rule 50(a) motion for judgment as a matter of law cannot excuse a party’s post-verdict failure to move for either a JNOV or a new trial pursuant to Rule 59(b). In this case, Hooters concedes that it made neither motion. Accordingly, this court has no authority to consider its appeal from the jury verdict below. AFFIRMED. Footnotes [1] Fla. Stat. § 725.01, provides in relevant part: ''[n]o action shall be brought ... upon any agreement that is not to be performed within the space of 1 year from the making thereof ..., unless the agreement or promise upon which such action shall be brought, or some note or memorandum thereof shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged therewith .... ”