Huggins v. Smith

Humphreys, J. Appellant instituted suit against appellees on the 14th day of August, 1917, in the Perry Circuit Court to recover $300 and interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum from November 15, 1914, on a promissory note executed on the latter date by appellee for a balance due on the purchase price of appellant’s one-half interest in a drug store owned by appellant and appellee C. C. Smith, as partners, at the time of the sale and purchase of said interest. Appellees answered, admitting the execution of the note, but denying liability on the ground that appellant had guaranteed the stock and fixtures would invoice $3,000, whereas they only invoiced $2,200, making a difference of $800, which amount was pleaded as a counterclaim against appellant. Appellant filed a reply, denying any guaranty as to the invoice value of the stock, and pleading the statute of limitations against recovery on the counterclaim. The cause was submitted to a jury upon the pleadings, instructions of the court and evidence. The jury returned a verdict against appellees on the note for $300 and interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum from maturity and against appellant for $700 on the counterclaim. A difference was struck and judgment rendered against appellant in favor of appellee, C. C. Smith, for $306, from which judgment an appeal has been duly prosecuted to this court. Appellant and J. J. Hunter owned as equal partners a drug store in the town of Casa. On the first day of May, 1914, appellee, C. C. Smith, purchased Hunter’s interest for $1,100. Over the objection of appellant, said appellee was permitted to testify that appellant induced him to buy Hunter’s interest by showing him an entry of date January 6, 1916, in the books of the former partnership, to the effect that the stock invoiced $3,615.10, and stating that after the invoice more goods had been put in than sold out of the stock. The business was continued by the new firm with appellant as the principal manager, and appellee, C. C. Smith, as helper on Saturdays and rainy days, and occasionally when his farm duties would permit, until November 15, of the same year, at which time appellant sold appellee his one-half interest in the assets of the partnership for $300, cash, and a note signed by appellees for $300, due January 1, 1916, with interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, ydth the understanding that appellee, C. C. Smith, should pay the indebtedness of the firm. Appellee, C. C. Smith, testified that the note bore interest from maturity and that appellant guaranteed the stock had not been reduced more than $500 below the invoice of $3,615.10, entered in the former partnership book of date January 6, 1914. Appellant testified that the note bore interest from date and that he made no representation or guaranty as to the invoice value of the stock. Soon after the execution of the note, it was lost, found, and given to appellee C. C. Smith, who carried it in his pocket until nearly worn out, and then destroyed it. Appellant demanded the note from appellee, C. C. Smith, who refused to give it to him. On December 27, 1915, appellant sent said appellee a statement, demanding payment of the note and thirteen months’ interest, to which said appellee replied that he did not owe the note. He made no specific denial of the correctness of the interest demanded. Ralph McBride testified that a short time after the sale appellant, in the presence of himself and others, said either that he had guaranteed, or would guarantee, it to invoice about $3,000; that when Smith was asked what the stock would invoice his reply was, ‘‘ Search me. ’ ’ The stock invoiced $2,200. (1) It is insisted that the court erred in permitting appellee to testify that appellant represented the invoice value of the stock at $3,615.10 to him when he purchased Hunter’s interest. The contention is made that the statement was incompetent because not pleaded as matter of damages in the counterclaim. We think it competent as a circumstance tending to corroborate the testimony of appellee to the effect that appellant guaranteed the stock had not been diminished more than $500 below the invoice of $3,615.10. The cross-bill clearly tendered the issue of whether such a guarantee was made by appellant, and we think the evidence tended to establish the issue. (2-3) It is next insisted that the verdict sustaining-the counterclaim to the extent of $700 is not supported by the evidence. Appellee testified that appellant induced him to make the purchase upon the guaranty that the stock would invoice about $3,100. His testimony was corroborated in a measure by that of Ralph McBride. The weight and effect of the evidence is a question within the exclusive province of the jury. On appeal the verdict of a jury will be sustained if there is any substantial legal evidence to support it. The evidence just detailed, in our opinion, is sufficient to sustain the verdict. (4-5) Lastly, it is contended that the counterclaim was barred by the statute of limitations, and that it was error to render judgment over against appellant for $306. The damages resulting from the guaranty accrued immediately upon the discovery of the shortage in the invoice value, which was ascertained shortly after the sale, on the 15th day of November, 1914, and a claim for it was not asserted until December 14, 1917, at the time appellees filed their cross-bill. More than three years had elapsed from the accrual of the cause of action before suit was instituted thereon, so the counterclaim, by wray of cross-bill, in so far as it sought a judgment over against appellant, must be treated as an independent suit. The cause of action for a judgment over was therefore barred when the cross-bill was filed. This suit was instituted, however, on the 31st day of August, 1917, about two and a half months before the statutory bar attached. The counterclaim was good for defensive purposes even if the statutory bar had attached when the cross-bill was filed. It was said in the case of State v. Arkansas Brick & Mfg. Co., 98 Ark. 125, that “A breach by the plaintiff, though barred as an independent cause of action, continues to exist for defensive purposes available to the defendant, so long as the plaintiff may sue upon any breach by defendant.” At the time the decision was rendered from which the above quotation is taken, the law restricted the matter in a counterclaim to that which arose out of the contract or transaction sued upon, and that accounts for the use of the word “breach” in the quotation. Since the passage of act No. 267, Acts of the Legislature of 1917, amending section 6099 of Kirby’s Digest, that restriction is eliminated and counterclaims may consist of any matter arising either out of contract or tort, whether it arose out of the contract or transaction sued upon or not. Coats v. Milner, 134 Ark. 311; Smith v. Glover, 135 Ark. 531. So a counterclaim arising out of tort, even if barred by the statute of limitations, may be used by way of recoupment against a suit for the recovery of money. It was error, therefore, for the court to render judgment over against appellant for any sum, as the counterclaim was barred when the cross-bill was filed, and also error not to grant the demand made by appellant to reduce the amount of the counterclaim recovered against appellant to the amount recovered by appellee, C. C. Smith, against him. The counterclaim was available for recoupment only. For that purpose, it existed as long as appellant’s cause of action existed. For the error indicated, tbe decree is reversed, and decree is directed here reducing tbe amount of tbe counterclaim to tbe amount of recovery by appellant against appellees, with direction that the costs be adjudged against appellees.