Kelly Handle Co. v. Shanks

Hart, J. (after stating the facts). It is earnestly insisted by counsel for the defendant that the plaintiff knew all about the defects in the machine and that he assumed the risk. The evidence on the part of the plaintiff tended to show that the table was too light and shaky, and that one end was higher than the other. The witnesses said that this had a tendency to cause the saw to pinch and throw back the wood which was being sawed. There was also a defect in the mandrel which caused the saw to pinch. Another witness said that he had never seen a ripsaw used for a cut-off saw before. The use of a rip-saw in the place of a cut-off saw had a tendency to make the saw pinch because the teeth in the two kinds of saws were different. A rip-saw is used generally to cut wood with the grain and a cut-off saw is used generally to cut it against the grain. It was the duty of the defendant to use ordinary care to furnish suitable appliances for the work which it required its servants to perform. Wilcox v. Hebert, 90 Ark. 145; St. L. S. W. Ry. Co. v. Lewis, 91 Ark. 343; Headrick v. H. D. Williams Cooperage Co., 97 Ark. 553, Pekin Stave & Mfg. Co. v. Ramey, 104 Ark. 1. The evidence was sufficient to warrant the jury in finding that the defendant was negligent in this respect, but it is earnestly insisted by counsel for the defendant that the plaintiff, as a matter of law assumed the risk. They point to the fact that the plaintiff was twenty-eight years of age at the time he was injured, and that he had worked in a handle factory in various capacities since he was twelve years of age. He was accustomed to operating a rip-saw and to filing and setting it. Other witnesses testified that the defective condition of the table and the mandrel was apparent to any one with any experience in operating saws of any kind. Hence they urged that the danger was obvious and patent to the plaintiff, and that he assumed the risk by continuing at work operating the saw. We do not think that it can be said as a matter of law that the plaintiff assumed the r-isk. He testified that he knew that the saw pinched and bucked, but that he did not know what caused this. He first thought that it was caused by the saw being too dull.' He filed and set the saw at the noon hour in order to remedy this. He had never operated a rip-saw as a cut-off saw before. While he had been accustomed to a rip-saw, it can not be said, as a matter of law, that he knew and appreciated the danger of using a rip-saw for a cut-off saw on the occasion in question. One witness testified that in all his thirty years’ experience in a handle mill he had never seen a ripsaw used before to do the work of a cut-off saw. It was shown that it required more force to operate a rip-saw to cut timber against the grain than it did to operate a cut-off saw. It was also shown that, on account of having different shaped teeth, a rip-saw was likely to pinch when used as a cut-off saw. The fact that the plaintiff tried to remedy the defect in the saw by filing it shows that he did not know what caused the saw to buck and pinch. He had never operated a rip-saw as a cut-off saw, and we think under the circumstances the question of assumed risk was one for the jury. His stepfather had told him to use the saw in question, and the fact that he continued to operate it for two hours after noon could not operate to take the case from the jury. He had attempted to remedy the defect in the saw at noon and failed to do so. It is true it kept pinching and bucking after he went to work with it in the afternoon, but it can not be said that, because he kept on at work for nearly two hours, he, as a matter of law, assumed the risk. Therefore, the court did not err in submitting the case to the jury. It is insisted that the court erred in giving instruction No. 3. The error complained of is that the instruction ignored the defense of contributory negligence. We do not deem it necessary to set out the instruction. In plain terms, the instruction predicates the plaintiff’s right of recovery upon his having exercised due care for his own safety. If he exercised due cafe for his own safety, he was not guilty of contributory negligence. It is also contended that the court erred in giving instructions Nos. 14 and 15, which are as follows: “14. The servant does not assume any risk arising out of the failure of the master to use ordinary care to provide a reasonably safe place and reasonably safe instruments and appliances with which to work, but only such as are normally and necessarily connected with the employment. ’ ’ “15. Where a servant knew of the unsafe condition of the machinery with which, and the place where, he was employed to work and made no complaint or request that such condition be remedied, he will be held to have assumed all of the risks of the injury from the operation of said machinery and the place where he was employed, and in this case if you find from the evidence that the plaintiff knew of the unsafe or improper machinery and that he made no complaint concerning the same, your verdict should be for the defendant.” It is urged by counsel for the defendant that instruction No. 14 is erroneous because the servant does not assume the hazards and risks arising out of the failux-e of the master to furnish a reasonably safe place and reasoxxably safe appliances with which to work where the servant himself knows the risk and appreciates the danger, or where the risk is patexxt and obvious. It is insisted that the defects of the instruction in this respect are cured by instructioxx No. 15, which immediately follows instruction No. 14. This contention is made in the application of the rule laid dowxx in St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway Company v. Rogers, 93 Ark. 564, to the effect that where two instructions follow each other and from the' language used, or the relation which the instructions bear to each other, it is apparent that they are to be read together and can be read together so as to harmonize with each other, it is our duty to so treat them. In the application of this rule it is claimed by counsel for the plaintiff that instruction No. 15 cures the defect in No. 14, and that the two instructions should be read in connection with each other, and when so done each supplements and harmonizes the other. The trouble about this contention is that instruction No. 15 is not itself correct. Instruction No. 15 told the jury in conclusion that, if it should find from the evidence that the plaintiff knew of the unsafe or improper-machinery and made no complaint concerning the same, its verdict should be for the defendant. The instruction did not go far enough. An employee is required to notice patent defects in the machinery about which he is employed and is bound to assume the risks thereof to the same extent as if their existence had been within his actual knowledge. Jones v. Malvern Lumber Co., 58 Ark. 125, and Fullerton v. Henry Wrape Co., 105 Ark. 434. There was testimony in the present case that the defects in the machine were so obvious as to be apparent to a person of ordinary intelligence, and in such cases the law charges the servant with the knowledge of the danger. The submission of this issue was ignored in both instructions Nos. 14 and 15. The principal contention of the defendant was that the defects in the machine were so obvious that the plaintiff could not have helped seeing them and realizing the danger of continuing at work with the machine without it being repaired. The instructions ignored this issue, and were therefore at variance with the other instructions in the case. The court can not know but that the jury followed these erroneous instructions, and on that account found in favor of the plaintiff. It follows that the giving of these two instructions constituted prejudicial error, calling for a reversal of the judgment. Again, it is insisted by counsel for the defendant that the court erred in refusing certain instructions asked by it. We do not deem it necessary, to copy these instructions in the opinion and discuss them in detail. Some of them, for instance, were in regard to the burden of proof. The court in its instructions to the jury placed the burden of proof upon the plaintiff, and it was not required to repeat instructions on this point at the request of the defendant. Besides, the instructions for the defendant on this point are argumentative in form, and for that reason should not have been given. So, too, in regard to the instruction's asked by the defendant on the question of assumption of risk. Its instructions on this point were either argumentative in form or were covered by the instructions given by the court. It did not constitute error for the court to refuse to repeat instructions on the same point. For the error in giving instructions Nos. 14 and 15 by the court, the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.