Ponder v. Gibson-Homans Co.

Hart, J., (after stating the facts). In Hartford Fire Ins. Co. v. Enoch, 79 Ark. 475, the court held that one who has purchased personal property subject to a lien for the purchase money has an insurable interest therein. The general rule also is that a mortgagee of real property who gets insurance for himself, when the insurance is general upon the property, without limiting it in terms to his interest as mortgagee, but when, in point of fact, his only insurable interest is that of a mortgagee, in case of a loss by fire, before the payment of the debt and discharge of the Mortgage, has a right to recover the amount of the loss for his own use. In such case there is no privity between the mortgagor and the underwriter. The money due upon the insurance policy, in case of loss, is upon a distinct and independent contract upon a consideration paid bv the mortgagee. King v. State Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 7 Cush. (Mass.) 1, 54 Am. Dec. 683. In a case note to. 11 A. L. R., at p. 1299, it is said that, where the mortgagee effects insurance upon the mortgaged propertv at his own expense and for his own bonefit, money received by him on the policy is not a payment on the mortgage, and the following cases are cited which sustain the text: Carpenter v. Providence Washington Ins. Co., 16 Pet. (U. S.) 495; Concord Union Mut. F. Ins. Co. v. Woodbury, 45 Me. 447; Callahan v. Linthicum, 43 Md. 97, 20 Am. Rep. 106; White v. Brown, 2 Cush. (Mass.) 412; Leyden v. Lawrence, 79 N. J. Eq. 113, 81 Atl. 121; Stuyvesant Ins. Co. v. Reid, 171 N. C. 513, 88 S. E. 779; and Dunbrack v. Neall, 47 S. E. (W. Va.) 303. In Concord Union Mut. F. Ins. Co. v. Woodbury, 45 Me. 447, the court said: “When a mortgagee insures his own interest, without any agreement between him and the mortgagor therefor, and a loss accrues, the mortgagor is not entitled to an allowance of the sum paid upon such loss, to be applied to the reduction or discharge of his mortgage debt, but the mortgagee may, notwithstanding, recover the whole amount due! White v. Brown, 2 Cush. 413; King v. State M. F. Ins. Co., 7 Cush. 1; Cushing v. Thompson, 34 Me. 496.” Again, in the case of Fox v. Phenix Fire Ins. Co., 52 Me. 333, the court said that different mortgagees of the same property have independent interests, which each-may insure for his own benefit for the full amount. In Deming Investment Co. v. Dickerman (Kan.), 66 Pac. 1029, 88 Am. St. Rep. 265, it was held that a contract of insurance upon property sold1 at a foreclosure sale between the purchaser and an insurance company is a personal contract of indemnity between such’ purchaser and the company alone, which does not inure to the benefit of the party entitled to redeem, and the purchaser, having collected the insurance money after the property has been destroyed by fire, is under no obligation to account for it to such redemptioner. In the case of Cushing v. Thompson, 34 Me. 496, in discussing the question the court said: “The interest insured was that of the defendant alone. It does not appear that the complainant paid any part of the premium, had any connection with the insurance, or knew of its existence, till the loss of the property. The defendant could not have compelled payment from the complainant of the premium or any part of it. It is well settled that a contract of insurance does not run with the estate, as incident thereto, but is ah agreement with the underwriters against a loss which the assured may sustain, and not the loss which another may be subjected to, having an interest as mortgagor, redemptioner, or otherwise. Adams v. Rockingham Ins. Co., 29 Me. 292; White v. Brown, 2 Cush. 412.” It follows from these authorities that the mortgagor would have no right to any part of the insurance policy in question. The policy of insurance was taken out by the purchaser at the foreclosure sale for his' own benefit, and the premium was paid by him. In this connection it may be conceded, as contended by counsel for the plaintiff, that the foreclosure decree did not affect its lien under the attachment suit, because it was not made a party to the foreclosure suit, and because, under the facts of this case, its attachment lien existed before the mortgage in question was executed to the bank. The record shows, however, that the bank assigned the mortgage notes to Ponder, who purchased the lot at the foreclosure sale, and'Ponder should be treated, so far as the plaintiff is concerned, as a mortgagee in possession. As such mortgagee in possession he had an insurable interest in the property, and, the insurance policy having been taken for his own benefit, the mortgagor has no interest in it. The plaintiff in this case only acquired the interest of the mortgagor at the attachment sale, and would have no greater rights in the premises than the mortgagor. Hence it was not entitled to claim that the proceeds from the fire insurance policy should be applied to the satisfaction of any debt owed by the mortgagor to the mortgagee. The rights of the piaintiff under its attachment are superior to those of Ponder as assignee of the mortgagee. The two notes for the purchase money for $500 each were described in the deed by which the property was conveyed to Palmer, and, under the repeated decisions of this court, constituted notice that the vendor had a lien on the lot for tiae unpaid purchase money. These purchase money notes were dated October 21, 1920, and were described in the deed from Halton to Palmer. The plaintiff did not obtain a lien on the property by virtue of its attachment until June 1, 1921. These purchase money notes were assigned by the bank to Ponder. It follows that they are a prior lien on the lot in question to that secured by the plaintiff under its attachment suit, and Ponder will be entitled to have his equitable lien for the amount of the two purchase money notes for $500 each and the accrued interest foreclosed, .and to have the lot sold to satisfy the same. He should be required to account for the rental value of the property during the time he has had it in his possession; but, under the views we have expressed above, he will not be required to account to the plaintiff for any part of the insurance money. It follows that the decree will be reversed, 'and the chancellor directed to enter a decree in accordance with this opinion.