Garner v. Finch

Frank Holt, Justice. This appeal results from the trial court’s granting appellees’ motion for a new trial following a jury verdict for appellant in the amount of $55,263.00 based upon his claim for personal injuries. Appellant challenges the correctness of that ruling. We affirm. The trial court is vested with a wide latitude of discretion in acting on a motion for a mistrial or a new trial and will not be reversed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. General Motors Corp. et al v. Tate, 257 Ark. 347, 516 S.W. 2d 602 (1974); and Dickerson Construction Co. v. Dozier, 266 Ark. 345, 584 S.W. 2d 36 (1979). The showing that a trial judge has abused his discretion must be stronger when a new trial has been granted than when it has been denied, as the beneficiary of the verdict set aside has less basis for a claim of prejudice than does the unsuccessful movant for a new trial. Security Insurance v. Owen, 255 Ark. 526, 501 S.W. 2d 229 (1973). Appellant was employed by appellee Finch as a farm employee when he accidentally suffered an amputation of the lower portion of his left leg by a rotating auger in a grain cart, which was manufactured by appellees Shaw and House. After a three day trial, the jury retired to deliberate and answer seven interrogatories. The trial judge instructed the jury that only the foreman should sign an interrogatory if it was unanimous; if not, nine or more jurors must agree on the answer to any of the interrogatories and those agreeing must sign. The instructions were then furnished to the jury for its use. The first time the jury returned the foreman advised the court that the jury had reached a verdict; the answers to the first six interrogatories were unanimous; and the seventh interrogatory was signed by nine jurors. However, upon questioning the jury, the court determined that the answers to some were not unanimous. Consequently, the court sent the jury back to further deliberate with instructions again as to how each interrogatory should be signed. The jury returned a few minutes later to ask a question. The foreman stated the jury was “really confused” as to interrogatory *5 involving assumption of risk and “[w]e think he [appellant] is partially to blame for this but we took that into consideration when we awarded the amount of money that was to be paid to him. Now, we didn’t know whether we answered that question yes or answered it no.” The trial court attempted to explain to the jury that its function was to answer that interrogatory yes or no, apportion the percentage of fault among the parties (interrogatory #6) and find the total amount of damages the appellant had sustained (interrogatory *7). The foreman expressed “confusion” with the court’s attempted clarification. The court observed that the foreman’s understanding would be appropriate under a general verdict form, however, not appropriate to an interrogatory form of verdict. The court continued: “You must enter the amount which you feel he is entitled to recover. Correctly, it should be the total amount that you feel he has sustained. The total amount of his damages that you find that he has sustained as a result of any injury which you find was proximately caused by the liability or negligence of the parties to whom you find at fault and apportion their degree.” A juror then remarked: “[T]he point we are trying to get to is the percentage of fault ...” The court responded it was the jury’s function to apportion the fault of liability of each party and the jury was not to diminish or deduct anything from the total damages. The jury again retired. Thereupon, appellees complained to the court that the proper method of answering the jurors’ questions would be to tell the jury that all the interrogatories must be answered and if they desired any clarification on the assumption of risk they could simply reread the instructions (which had been furnished them). Further, the court’s remarks went beyond answering questions and indicated to the jury that it could find more damages than the actual amount the appellant was entitled to. The court overruled appellees’ motion for a mistrial. The jury returned shortly and reported that they had reached a verdict. The court, after examining the interrogatories, again sent the jury back, stating that, in view of interrogatories 4 (as to appellant’s negligence) and 5 (appellant’s assumption of risk), he must return interrogatory 6 (percentage of responsibility among the parties) to the jury for further deliberation. (At the hearing on the motions for a new trial, the judge noted the jury had answered that appellant was negligent and had assumed the risk, but it had apportioned “0% ” negligence to him.) Defense counsel again moved for a mistrial because of the jury’s confusion about their function and “at this stage it is anybody’s guess as to what they will do and just be conjecture and be forcing a result on their part.” Again, appellees’ motion was denied. A short time later the jury returned with their final answers to the interrogatories, none of which were unanimous. All appellees were found negligent, in varying degrees, and appellant 5% negligent. Appellant was awarded damages of $55,263.00 (an increase of approximately 5% over their first figure). Subsequently, the appellees filed their motions for a new trial, reasserting, inter alia, their motions for mistrial during the trial proceedings. The trial judge, after hearing arguments, granted a new trial, stating that he should have granted the defendants’ motions for a mistrial during the proceedings. In doing so, the court noted that he was not considering, nor had he read, an affidavit of six of the jurors concerning matters which occurred during their deliberations. The court was correct inasmuch as such an affidavit is improper under Arkansas law. See Uniform Rules of Evidence, Rule 606 (b). The court also properly excluded from consideration statements made by a local attorney about reports made to him by some of the jurors. The court then stated: [I]n the interest of justice and a fair and impartial trial the Court is granting the motion and ordering a new trial in the case so that all parties will have an adequate opportunity to correct any — so it will be beyond the question of suspect as I fear and find this verdict is open to. The court made a specific finding “that it should have granted certain defense motions for a mistrial during the jury’s deliberations in this matter.” In the granting or denying of a motion for mistrial, we give due consideration to the fact the trial judge, having personally observed the entire proceedings, is in a better position than we to evaluate the merits of the motion. When we consider all the circumstances during the trial proceedings, we cannot say that appellant has sufficiently met his burden of demonstrating the trial judge manifestly abused the wide latitude of discretion allowed him by setting aside the jury’s verdict. Affirmed. Adkisson, CJ., and Purtle, J., dissent.