Bennett v. McGough

Richard B. Adkisson, Chief Justice. On September 12, 1982, the Parker family was involved in an automobile accident. Both parents died as a result of injuries sustained in the accident. The children, Marsha and Melanie, were injured but eventually recovered. Appellees, Robert and Vera McGough, friends of the family, were appointed temporary guardians of the minor children. On March 10, 1983, appellees petitioned the court for appointment as permanent guardians. On March 21, 1983, appellants, Ernest and Theodora Bennett, the children’s maternal grandparents by consanguinity and affinity respectively, responded to appellees’ petition and asked that they be appointed permanent guardians of the children. On May 23, 1983, the probate court appointed the McGoughs as permanent guardians of the persons and estates of the children and found: . . . That there is no statutory preference given to either of the petitioning parties to this action. That, after giving due regard to Ark. Stat. Ann. § 57-608 (Repl. 1971), the Court finds that it would be in the best interest of the minor children to remain with the McGoughs as they have demonstrated to the Court’s satisfaction that they have the best interest of the children in mind and that they have in the past demonstrated their ability to care for the children. Appellants argue for reversal that Ark. Stat. Ann. § 57-608 (Repl. 1971) grants a preference to relationships by blood or marriage and that the trial court erred by not giving proper effect to this statute which provides: Preference in granting letters. — The parents of an unmarried minor, or either of them if qualified and in the opinion of the court suitable, shall be preferred over all others for appointment as guardian of the person. Subject to this rule, the court shall appoint as guardian of an incompetent the one most suitable who is willing to serve, having due regard to: a) any request contained in a will or other written instrument executed by the parent for the appointment of a person as guardian of his minor child; b) any request for the appointment of a person as his guardian made by a minor of the age of fourteen [14] years or over; c) any request for the appointment of a person made by the spouse of an incompetent; d) the relationship by blood or marriage to the person for whom guardianship is sought. Although courts generally appoint relatives on the theory that they will be more solicitous of the ward’s welfare, this is not mandatory. The quoted statute is couched in such terms as to allow the court to exercise its sound discretion and only grants a preference to the parents of a minor. Any inclination to appoint a relative must necessarily become subservient to the principle that the child’s interest is of paramount consideration. The lower court need only give “due regard’’ to those factors listed in Ark. Stat. Ann. § 57-608. Appellants next argue that there was insufficient evidence to support the finding of the trial judge that it was in the best interest of the children to be placed in the custody of the appellees. On appeal this court does not weigh the evidence or pass on the credibility of the witnesses. Kirk v. City of Little Rock, 275 Ark. 128, 628 S.W.2d 21 (1982). But in reviewing the evidence we will not reverse unless we can say that the findings of the trial judge were clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. The record reflects that after the accident the appellees took the children into their home and cared for them continuously after their release from the hospital in September 1982 and that, before the accident, appellees had taken good care of the children for extended lengths of time when the parents were financially unable to provide for them. Furthermore, other witnesses’ testimony indicated that on numerous occasions the parents of the minor children had expressed a desire for the McGoughs to have custody of the children if anything ever happened to them. Appellants, on the other hand, did not visit the children after the accident or check to see if.their needs were being provided until just before the time of the hearing below. Under the circumstances of this case we are unable to say that the probate court erred in its ruling. Appellants further argue that the trial court erred in failing to make specific findings of fact as to why it did not give custody of the children to the grandparents, and in so arguing, appellants utilize an analogy between Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 34-1214 (Supp. 1983) and 57-608. Section 34-1214 requires a court to enter specific findings of fact upon making other than a one-half distribution of property to each of the parties in a divorce. This requirement for specific findings was placed upon the courts by the General Assembly. No such requirement has been placed upon a probate judge when he is dealing with a guardianship under § 57-608. Finally, appellants argue that the trial court erred in failing to order the appellees to post bond in accordance with Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 57-616 and 57-617 (Repl. 1971). The purpose of a guardian’s bond is to preserve the estate of the ward. The legislature provided alternative measures for preservation of the ward’s estate in § 57-617. This section provides that no bond is necessary where the ward’s estate consists entirely of cash and where the guardian deposits the funds in a federally insured lending institution which has previously agreed not to permit any withdrawal except on approval of the probate court. The lower court utilized this statute in the present situation, therefore, we do not find an error in not requiring the appellees to post a bond. The probate court is affirmed. Purtle, J., dissents.