Green v. Conery

De Blanc, J. In not a line of the three transcripts submitted to our consideration, have we found the least trace of a fixed intention [28] on the part of the deceased to give either the property or the notes to the plaintiff in injunction — we think it just to leave said notes where they have been left, not through inadvertence or carelessness, but with the consent of Miss Conery and by the will of Fisk. They have passed into the possession of the heirs of the latter, and the trial has disclosed no fact, raised no presumption which would justify us in wresting them from their possession. In only one respect the judgment of the lower court is incorrect. The injunction, in this case, was granted under articles 739 and 740 of the Code of Practice, and no damages should have been allowed against the plaintiff in said injunction. C. P. 740. 19 A. 181. 15 L. 101. Since nearly forty years this court has made a distinction between the injunctions granted under articles 739 and 740, and those granted on bond and security. In regard to the former, it said and repeated that the law of 1831 is not applicable to them. The Code of Practice provides “ that the plaintiff against whom an injunction has been obtained under Articles 739 and 740, may compel the defendant to prove, in a summary manner, before the judge, the truth of the facts alleged in his opposition,” and, if he fails to do so, that code expressly directs the nature and extent of the decree to be rendered: “The judge shall dissolve the injunction he had granted, and the sale of the property shall proceed, etc.” C. P. 741, 743. 15 L. 101. 4 A. 19 A. 181. The distinction itself maybe unreasonable, in as much as — to a certain extent — the order of seizure and sale can be considered as a moneyed judgment — and we adhere to the construction placed upon it by our predecessors. 20 A., p. 634. It is, therefore, ordered, adjudged and decreed that, in so far as it condemns Anna Conery to pay ten per cent damages to the executrix of the succession of Fisk, the judgment of the lower court is amended and said damages disallowed, and as thus amended is affirmed. Marr, J. I do not think that damages can be awarded on the dissolution of an injunction arresting the sale of mortgaged property via executiva, for the causes specified in Art. 739 of the Code of Practice. My opinion is in no manner controlled or influenced by the fact [29] that this injunction issues without bond or security; but it rests on grounds which, to my mind, are more satisfactory and conclusive. It is well settled that damages cannot be allowed on the dissolution of any other injunction than one which arrests the execution of a money judgment, that is, a judgment which condemns the defendant to pay a specific sum of money. Manifestly, the order, ‘ ‘ Let executory process issue as prayed for, and according to law,” is not a money judgment. It does no more than to authorize and require the sale of the mortgaged property, and the application of the proceeds, sufficient or not, to the payment of the mortgaged debt. If the proceeds are not sufficient, the mortgagee is obliged to bring a new suit in personam, to recover the balance and to reach and subject any other property of the mortgagor. The order of seizure and sale “is not a judgment in the true and legal sense of the term, and possesses none of its features. It decides on no issue made up between the parties, nor does it adjudicate to the party obtaining it any right in addition to those secured by his notarial contract.” Harrod v. Voorhies, 16 L. 256; Riley v. Christie, 13 A. 256. Whether this order is arrested for any of the causes specified in the C. P., Art. 739, without bond, or under other provisions of the law, on bond and security, damages cannot be awarded on the dissolution of the injunction, because the order injoined is not a judgment for a sum of money. If the injunction has caused damage to the mortgagor, he must seek reparation by suit, in the one case against the mortgagor alone, in the other against the mortgagor and his surety on the injunction bond. I concur, therefore, in the decree pronounced by Mr. Justice De Blanc. Egan, J. The statute, which authorizes the infliction of damages without proof of actual damage in case of dissolution of injunctions sued out in the ordinary mode, and under the general provisions of law on the subject of injunctions obtainable upon the giving of bond and security, and which authorizes judgment at the same time against both principal and surety, is highly penal in its character, and cannot be extended to other cases than those specifically provided for. [30] Hence, it has been often held that it is inapplicable to injunctions other than those restraining the execution of judgments decreeing the payment of money. The injunction against an order of seizure and sale without bond or security is under another and different statute, and was evidently intended to allow the suing out of injunctions against the summary proceedings by executory process under more favorable conditions to the debtor. The latter statute makes no such provision for awarding damages, as a matter of course, and in the same judgment as in case of injunction of ordinary personal money judgments, and hence, they are not recoverable in the same manner. Again, the executory process is directly, purely, and only against the mortgaged property and effects, and can have effect against no other property of the debtor, nor in personam. The opposition is no new case, but only an answer in that form, permitted by the statute to the demand of plaintiff, which is still the same, and in the same form, and who has no other or greater rights than thus summarily to provoke the sale of the mortgaged property. The quasi judgment is based purely upon authentic evidence from which alone the rights of the creditor to this extraordinary mode of proceeding against the property of his debtor spring. Even when on injunction by way of opposition or on appeal, the judgment is in favor of the creditor’s right, it is not personal against the debtor, but only operates against the particular mortgaged property. It is only when by a change in the pleadings, the action is converted into one via ordinaria, and the executory proceeding abandoned that a personal judgment is possible or permissible under the law. When this is not done, and the proceeding is purely executory, it would be as inappropriate and anomalous to award damages against the debtor personally, as it would be to award the debt itself. In other words, the only effect of executory process being against specific property, and that only demandable on the production of authentic evidence, which cannot be changed and to which nothing can be added by parol or otherwise, no other or greater right than that warranted by the act of hypothecation alone can be so asserted. If the plaintiff seeks either debt or damages in personam, it must be in the ordinary form. I concur in the decree.