Rayl v. Rayl

Allen, J. The parties to this action are Mrs. J. A. Rayl, plaintiff below, and her son, Elijah Rayl. The plaintiff claimed that she was the owner of a certain quarter-section of land in Reno County, on.which she resided with her family, the title to one half of which was vested in the defendant; and that she was entitled to a conveyance from him, which he refused to execute. The defendant denied her right to a conveyance, though he conceded her right to the possession and use of the land during her life. The testimony in the case is very voluminous, yet the essential facts are not complicated; although-there is much conflict between the statements of Elijah and those of the witnesses for the plaintiff. The court found in favor of the plaintiff, and entered a decree for a conveyance. The defendant asks a reversal of the judgment. Briefly stated, the essential facts shown by the plaintiff’s testimony are, that a half section of land had been taken possession of by the husband of Mrs. Rayl, under a contract of purchase from the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company, on which one payment had been made. Mr. Rayl was addicted to the excessive use of intoxicating liquors, and sometimes squandered his money. Default having been made in the subsequent payments, the railroad company claimed a forfeiture of the land, and afterwards sold and conveyed it to one Fahnistock. Mr. and Mrs. Rayl, by agreement, made a division of the property they had. An arrangement was then made for the purchase of the half section of land from Fahnistock, for a little over two thousand dollars. The agreement as claimed by the plaintiff was, that the land should be purchased from Fahnistock, and a deed taken in the name of Elijah, to be held by him [587] for the benefit of his mother, himself, and his brother Levi, who was a minor ; that Elijah and Levi were to manage the farm as partners ; that the plaintiff and her minor children should aid in carrying on and paying for the farm, and that, at the expiration of five years, Elijah should convey the northeast quarter to Mrs. Rayl, and a half of the northwest quarter to Levi. Under the arrangement made, the land was bought and deeded to Elijah. Fifteen hundred dollars of the purchase money was obtained through a loan secured by mortgage on the land, and the balance, concerning the exact amount of which the evidence is somewhat conflicting, but which was something over five hundred dollars, was paid partly by Elijah, and partly by Mrs. Rayl. This arrangement was made in 1883. All parties to the arrangement worked very earnestly and successfully, and paid for and improved the farm. Large orchards and vineyards were planted on each quarter-section, which proved very profitable in the course of a few years. Much profit was derived from market gardening as well as from ordinary farm crops and stock. The business was transacted in the name of Rayl Brothers. After-wards, two farms on the other side of the river, containing nearly four hundred acres, were bought. When the fifteen-hundred dollar mortgage became due, Elijah conveyed a half interest in the original half section to Levi, and they thereupon made a loan of twenty-three hundred dollars, for the purpose of taking up the old mortgage and one of eight hundred dollars on land south of the river. It appears, without dispute, that Mrs. Rayl and her daughter Jane attended to the housework; that all the family and the farm hands boarded together with her; that Mr. Rayl, except a very brief time while he was absent, stayed at home, and worked more or less about the [588] farm; that Thomas Rayl, a minor, and an adopted boy, also worked in raising crops on lands south of the river as well as on the home place. Mrs. Rayl was a weaver, and earned some money by weaving carpets. She also kept boarders, from whom she received $150 at one time. It is shown that, from the proceeds of her work, of the stock she owned at the time of the original arrangement, its increase, and other stock purchased by her, and of the crops on the quarter-section of land in controversy, which was always treated as her property, much more than the purchase price of the quarter-section was realized and paid to Elijah and Levi, who used it in their business. i Resulting trust TOpt°eaafrom" statute. It is now contended that the plaintiff’s claim in the action is for the enforcement of the terms of an express trust, which the statute concerning trusts (Gen. Stat. 1889, ¶ 7159) requires to -be in writing; that this agreement, whatever it was, was entirely in parol, and therefore not en.forceable. It is urged that the arrangement was fraudulent as to Mr. Rayl, the husband, because one of the avowed objects.in placing the title in Elijah was to prevent the husband from having any interest in, or control over, any part of the land. It is also urged that the agreement is void under the Statute of Frauds, because it was not to be performed within one year. There is no force in the contention that the arrangement was frauduleut. It abundantly appears that there was no purpose on Mrs. Rayl’s part to wrong her .husband in any particular. On the contrary, the sole object was to protect him, as well as the balance of the family, from the effects of his own weakness, and liability to give way to his appetite and squander his money. It must be conceded that the original parol agreement of itself is insufficient to support the plaintiff’s action. It appears, however, [589] that in this case the plaintiff has paid for the land she claims. The court finds that she has much more than paid for it; but, as she waived any claim for the surplus, under the accounting demanded by the petition, no judgment was rendered in her favor for the balance. She was in possession of the land at the time it was conveyed to Elijah, and has remained in possession ever since. No one has ever questioned her right there, nor does Elijah now question her right to occupy the land during her life. Under these circumstances, it seems clear that the case falls within the last clause of section 8 (Gen. Stat. 1889, ¶ 7166) of the Act Concerning Trusts and Powers, and that this is a trust arising by implication of law, in a case “where it shall be made to appear that, by agreement, and without any fraudulent intent, the party to whom the conveyance was made, or in whom the title shall vest, was to hold the land, or some interest therein, in trust for the party paying the purchase money, or some part thereof.” In this case the consideration was paid by the plaintiff. The title was taken in the name of Elijah, to hold for her benefit, without any fraudulent purpose whatever. Levi, the other son, recognized his mother’s right, and promptly conveyed to her the half interest transferred to him by Elij ah. The court justly required Elijah to convey the other half. Franklin v. Colley, 10 Kan. 260 ; Fink v. Umscheid, 40 id. 271; Barlow v. Barlow, 47 id. 676. 2’ tru^t not within -trusthela.estaTblislied. Nor is there any merit in the contention that the agreement is void under the Statute of Frauds because not to be performed within one year. The action is not one to enforce specific performance of the original parol agreement, but rather to enforce the trust which resulted, ; by operation of law, from the original agreement and the continuing acts of performance ; [590] the continued recognition of the trust by the trustee, evidenced by the occupancy of the land by the plaintiff ; the recognition of her right to the fruits of it; the reception from her of the means with which the land was paid for, and the various declarations of the defendant recognizing the trust. To such a case the clause of the Statute of Frauds relied on has no application. The conclusion reached by the trial court appears eminently just and equitable. The clei’ical ex-ror in the description of the land as written in the petition is not a ground for reversal of the case. There was but one tract of land in controversy, and no ex*ror was committed by inserting the proper descxiption in the decree. The judgment is affix’med.