School District No. 116 v. Wolf

The opinion of the court was delivered by Smith, J.: The principal questions presented in this case are: (1) Was the order of the county superintendent, .affirmed by the board of county commissioners, detaching the territory from school district No. 116 and attaching it to another school district, valid? (2) If this order was valid, it being conceded that each [808] member of the school board at the time the order was made, and thereafter, was a resident of the detached territory, did this ipso facto create a vacancy in each of the offices of such school board? The plaintiffs contend that the county superintendent had no authority to issue the notice of the hearing on the application for a change of boundaries of the school district, for the reason that no written petition had been presented to him requesting the same. It was said in The State v. Secrest, 60 Kan. 641, 57 Pac. 500: “No express provision is made for a petition to the county superintendent, but written' notice of the proposed change of districts is specifically required, and therefore the statute plainly contemplates that a petition shall be made for the proposed change, and this is the basis of the notice given by the county superintendent.” (Page 645.) Assuming that the word “petition,” as used in that case, means a written petition, the county superintendent in this case acted irregularly in issuing the notice upon a verbal request. The record, however, discloses that a proper notice was issued and properly posted; also, that a large number of the residents of the territory proposed to be detached appeared-at the hearing, and upon receiving an adverse decision appealed from the action of the county superintendent to the board of county commissioners, which board affirmed the decision of the county superintendent. There is no question but that all the parties concerned fully understood the issue involved and had a full and fair opportunity to be heard; that after a full hearing was had the order was made, was appealed from, and affirmed. The proceeding was irregular in its inception, but not void. A portion of section 6121 of the General Statutes of 1901 reads: “If in the formation or alteration of or refusal to form or alter school districts any person or persons shall feel aggrieved, such person or persons may ap [809] peal to the board of county commissioners, who shall confer with the county superintendent, and their action shall be final.” Great precision and formality, especially in the absence of an express requirement of statute, should not be held imperative in quasi-j udicial proceedings of this character. The order of the county superintendent as affirmed is valid and is final. Nor can the plaintiffs interfere by injunction with the management and control of the school affairs of school district No. 116, in which they no longer have an interest. (School District v. Gibbs, 52 Kan. 564, 35 Pac. 222.) As to whether a detachment from the district of the territory in which a school-district officer resides creates a vacancy in the office, the authorities are not uniform. (See 23 A. & E. Encycl. of L. 426.) In the early case of Williams v. School District in Lunenburg, 38 Mass. 75, it was said in the syllabus as reported in 32 Am. Dec. 243, that a clerk of the school district “is competent to act as such, although he has removed into an adjoining district in the same town, and another has been chosen in his stead, but not sworn.” The reason for the decision was set forth in. the following excerpt from the opinion: “The Revised Statutes, c. 23, § 27, provide that the district shall choose a clerk, to be sworn, etc., and who shall hold his office until another shall be chosen and sworn in his stead. The manifest intent seems to have been that there should at all times be a recording officer, charged with the duty of keeping a record of the proceedings and votes of the district. In this case the district had proceeded to choose another, but until he was qualified we think, by force of the statute, the former clerk was competent to act.” (38 Mass. 80.) In Salamanca Township v. Wilson, 109 U. S. 627, 3 Sup. Ct. 344, 27 L. Ed. 1055, in the syllabus it was said: “The removal of a treasurer of a township in the state of Kansas from the limits of the township into the limits of an adjoining township, without resigning [810] his office, does not vacate the office .so as to invalidate service of summons upon him in his official capacity for the purpose of commencing an action ag'ainst the township.” In the opinion it was said: “There is nothing in the constitution or laws of Kansas which requires a township treasurer to be a resident of, or voter in, the township when elected or qualified; neither is there anything which vacates the office if the officer removes from the township during the term for which he was elected. Justices of the peace are township officers, and as‘to them it is expressly provided that they ‘shall reside and hold their office in the township for which they shall have been elected.’ Sec. 4 (5970), Dassler’s Comí). Laws (1879), 978. As no similar provision is made in respect'to any other township officer, the implication necessarily is that actual residence in the township is- not required of them. Expressio unius ~est exelusio alterius.” (Pa’ge 628.) This decision is based expressly upon the absence of any requirement in the statute that the treasurer of a township should be a resident of the township when elected and qualified. Also it expressly implies that if there were such a requirement in the statute the rule would be different. In passing it may be said that soon after the publication of this decision the statute of Kansas was amended in the respect suggested. The school laws of Kansas (Gen. Stat. 1901, §§ 6125, 6127), in effect, limit the choice of director, clerk and treasurer of a school district to such electors thereof as shall have been in good faith residents of the district for thirty days next prior to the election. As .to whether the detachment of the territory in which an officer lives constitutes a removal of residence, this court, in Frazer v. Miller, 12 Kan. 459, has settled the policy of this state. In the syllabus it was said: “Where by the division of a township one of its two justices is thrown into a new township, there is created a vacancy in the office of justice of the original township, which may be filled by appointment.” [811] In the opinion, by Mr. Justice Brewer, it was said: “He was removed from the township, not by his own volition, but by the act of partition. The result is the same, though the manner of accomplishment is different.” (Page 461.) We conclude that when the detachment of the territory in which all the members of the old school board .resided became final by the affirmation of the decision -of the county superintendent by ,the board of county -commissioners the offices of the director, treasurer and 'derk of school district No. 116 immediately became vacant ipso facto. The incongruity of a contrary holding is apparent when it is considered that the entire business management of the school district would thereby "be turned over to officers who derive no emoluments from their offices and who have no interest in the af■fairs of the district. Making the school district a party plaintiff to this suit, in which it could in no event de.rive a benefit therefrom, is a more specific illustration. Were the contrary view the law, however, this suit •could not be maintained by the plaintiffs. A proceeding in quo warranto and not a suit for an injunction is the proper remedy for the illegal usurpation of an office. ■ Much is said in the briefs of the violating or ignoring of the temporary injunction issued in the case by the probate judge. Even if the probate judge had jurisdiction to issue a temporary injunction, which this writ purports to be (see The State v. Johnston, ante, p. 615), the question of a contempt thereof is not involved in this suit. The district court determined the issues in this case in favor of the defendants, and the judgment is affirmed. The costs in this court are taxed to the plain-. tiffs other than school district No. 116.