Skinner v. Davis

The opinion of the court was delivered by Burch; J.: The action was one of forcible detention. The plaifitiff recovered, and the defendants appeal. The land was owned by J. R. Holmes, who died testate in January, 1915. The executors of the will, who.were, agents of the devisees, leased the land to R. B. Temple, for the term of one year from March 1,1915, with the privilege of three years, subject to sale at any time. In case of sale, 90 days’ notice prior to March 1 was to be given, and the manner of yielding possession was specified. Temple assigned his lease to the defendants, who took possession in November, 1916. In November, 1917, the owners sold the land to the plaintiff, under a contract giving him the right of possession on March. 1, 1918, and in the manner specified in the Temple lease. The agents for the owners gave notice of the sale according to the terms [468] of the Temple lease, but when the time came for the defendants to yield possession, they refused to do so. The principal defense was that in June, 1917, the defendants obtained an oral lease from the owners, to begin July 1, for one year, with the privilege of five, and that pursuant to this lease they planted some 250 to 300 acres of wheat in the fall of 1917, which was growing on the premises in March, 1918. The court refused to submit the defense to the jury, for the reason the oral lease was void under the statute of frauds. (Willey v. Goulding, 99 Kan. 323, 326, 161 Pac. 611.) The defendants insist that the void lease was validated by part performance — planting wheat. To remove an oral lease from the ban of the statute of frauds, part performance must consist of something more than ordinary use of the land for cropping; but in this instance the defense was unavailable for a more fundamental reason. The defendants did not take possession under the oral lease. They were already in possession under a written lease which did not expire until March 1, 1918, and their possession and use of the land must be referred to the valid, and not to the void, lease. (Nay v. Mograin, 24 Kan. 75; Baldwin v. Squier, 31 Kan. 283, 284, 1 Pac. 591; O’Brien v. Foulke, 69 Kan. 475, 77 Pac. 103; 3 L. R. A., n. s., 810, 811.) Ordinarily, possession taken and acts done in' execution of an oral lease void under the statute of fraud's, will convert the tenancy into one from year to year (42 L. R. A., n. s., 648) ; but in this instance there was no starting point for a tenancy from year to year, because there was no entry under the oral lease, and whatever the defendants did must be construed/as .having been d.one under the unexpired valid lease. . There is nothing else of importance in the case. The bill of particulars was sufficient. A lease for one year, with the privilege of three, is, if the privilege be exercised, a lease for three years, and not a lease for one year and three additional years. The contract under which the plaintiff claimed the right of possession was one of sale, and not of lease. It stated the conditions under which it might become a lease, and those conditions did not arise. The notice of sale was given by the proper persons. The instruments involved were properly interpreted to the jury. The judgment of the district court is affirmed.