Childs v. O'Donnell

McGrath, J. Childs, Lee & Dunlapi plaintiffs, brought assumpsit for the price and value of several invoices of boots and shoes sold defendant, at the dates, and aggre-' gating the amounts, following: January 25, 1888.......................... §142 39 January 31, 1888__________________________ 142 25 February 13,. 1888__________________________ 43 80 February 24, 1888.......................... 41 00 — 535 — March 26, 1888.............................§105 25 April 2, 1888.............................. 9 00 April 11, 1888............................. 130 25 April 18, 1888..........l._................ 3 50 April 27, 1888............................. 128 00 -- §745 44 CREDITS. April 24, 1888, by goods returned......... §10 00 May 19, 1888, by goods returned.......... 34 50 May 19, 1888, by goods returned.......... 7 50 June 6, 1888, by goods returned........... 2 25 Aug. 22, 1888, by damages allowed........' 1 20 - 55 45 §689 99 Defendant pleaded the general issue, and gave notice that he would insist on the trial: 1. That the goods referred to in plaintiffs’ declaration were sold to defendant by plaintiffs for good, merchantable, durable goods; that plaintiffs guaranteed them to be such, and agreed that defendant might return the goods if not such. 2. That the said goods were not good, merchantable, and durable goods, and defendant offered to return the same, but that plaintiffs refused to receive them. 3. That plaintiffs knew that said goods were of a poor quality; and that the sales made by defendant of said goods injured defendant’s business, and that by reason thereof good and worthy customers have been turned away, and he has lost a large portion of his business, and defendant has been deprived of great gains and profits, and damaged to the extent of $1,000, which the defendant will recoup. The case was tried before the court, and findings of fact and law were demanded and are presented. On January 1, 1888, plaintiffs succeeded the firm of Fuller, Childs & Co., and defendant had actual notice of the change in the firm. Defendant had bought goods from Fuller, Childs & Go. during the year 1887, and on January 1, 1888, there was a balance due the old firm, — 536 — which was subsequently paid by remittances to Childs, Lee & Dunlap on account of that indebtedness. The goods were sold on four months5 time, at the end of which plaintiffs began to press collection; and on June 27, 1888, defendant wrote to plaintiffs, threatening to return all of their goods which he had then on hand; and in another letter, dated June 30, he informs them that the goods are packed, and are subject to plaintiffs5 order. The goods packed, at the prices charged by plaintiffs, amounted to $483.45. It is admitted that the goods so packed embraced all of the goods then on hand purchased from plaintiffs, and that they included goods purchased prior to January 1, 1888, from the old firm of Fuller, Childs & Co. The court finds, first,— “ That in the latter part of the spring of 1887 said defendant engaged in the business of retail dealer in boots and shoes, and has. since then continued in such business; and that soon after commencing such business the firm of Fuller, Childs & Go., of which said plaintiffs are the successors, through their agent, Mr. Oadwell, solicited said defendant to make purchase of goods in his line from said firm of Fuller,' Childs & Co., and, to induce defendant to trade w-ith said firm, told said defendant that all goods purchased of said firm by him should be of a good and merchantable kind, character, and material, and as good as the like priced goods of any other boot and shoe house in the United States, and that if such goods proved unsatisfactory to defendant he might return the same to said firm, and that said firm would warrant every pair of shoes to be of a good, merchantable, and workman-like character, and would stand by every pair, and make said defendant recompense for all loss which he might sustain by reason of handling said goods, if the same, or any part thereof, did not prove to be of the character so warranted; and ihat said defendant in the month of August, 1887, agreed to purchase goods of said firm of Fuller, Childs & Co. upon said warranty, and thereupon began to trade with said firm in accordance with said arrangement.55 — 537 — This finding is not sustained by the proofs. The defendant gives the language used by the agent, Cadwell, as follows: “He said: ‘1 will recommend them with any goods you can get anywhere; as good as you are buying from any other place. If they don’t prove satisfactory, you can send them every pair back; even after a person wears them, you can send them back, and get another pair in their place. If the goods don’t give satisfaction, send them all back.’ Well, I told him: ‘I can’t lose nothing anyhow. If the goods don’t prove good, then I will send them back. I will take a small order, and try them.’ So I ordered some of them.” The first order was given in June, 1887, and other orders were given during that year, and a balance remaining due upon these orders was paid some time after January 1, 1888. Between January 1, 1888, and April 27, 1888, nine other separate and distinct orders for goods were given. No goods were returned during the year 1888, until April 24, when goods of the value of $10 were credited to defendant. Of the shipment made April 11, 1888, goods of the value of $34.50 were immediately returned as not suitable for that trade. The other goods returned during the year amounted in all to $9.75, and $1.20 was allowed for damages to one pair of shoes, which had been worn and returned. It will be noted that the trial order was given in June, 1887, and was followed by a number of other orders extending over a period of nine months, and that goods had been returned and credited without question. Indeed, defendant says: “I gave him [Cadwell] orders afterwards for different shoes, as long as he kept changing them.” It does not appear that any question arose until some time in June, 1888, when the defendant packed up all of the goods purchased from plaintiffs, including some purchased in 1887, and notified plaintiffs that they weré on hand subject to their order. — 538 — Defendant undoubtedly had the right, under the contract of sale, to return the goods received by him upon the first order, if they did not prove satisfactory, and the plaintiffs had a right to rely upon the failure to return them as an acceptance of the goods. Defendant, having the option to return the goods, was bound to exercise that option within a reasonable time. Had defendant given but the first order, and retained the goods received for months, it will not be contended that he could then return the goods. Not only does he not return the goods, but he gives a number of subsequent orders, and pays for all the goods purchased within the first six months, and after a year elapses he undertakes to return goods, all of which had been held for two months, a portion for three months, a portion for four months, other portions for five months, and others from nine to twelve months. There is a wide difference between an ojotion given to the buyer to return the goods if not satisfactory and a warranty of quality. The latter is continuous, and runs-with the goods; but the former must be. exercised within a reasonable time after the receipt of the goods, and the retention of the goods after the lapse of that reasonable time must be regarded as an acceptance, unless the option is extended in clear and unmistakable language. , The language used cannot be construed as a warranty. The sale of the first order was one on approval simply, with the privilege of a trial of the goods. As a matter of law, this option, even, did not extend to subsequent orders and invoices of goods, unless repeated with each order, or unless some general language was used covering all orders or sales. The defendant gave the first order for the very purpose of a trial of the goods. Having received the goods ordered, and other invoices of goods, before any of the goods sued for were ordered, he must — 539 — be deemed to have had a sufficient opportunity for trial, and the plaintiffs were justified in assuming that the goods had proven satisfactory. Waite v. Borne (N. Y.), 25 N. E. Rep. 1053. It is unnecessary to notice other assignments of error. This finding was erroneous, and a new trial must be had, with costs of this Court to plaintiffs. The other Justices concurred.